Introduction to Programming Lecture 22 Review Bit wise

Introduction to Programming Lecture 22 Review

Bit wise Manipulation and Assignment Operator

Bit Manipulation Operators &= Bitwise AND Assignment Operator |= Bitwise OR Assignment Operator ^= Bitwise Exclusive OR Assignment Operator

Assignment Operator a &= b ; Same as a=a&b;

Assignment Operator a |= b ; Same as a=a|b;

Assignment Operator a ^= b ; Same as a=a^b;

Design Recipes Analyze a problem statement, typically expressed as a word problem n Express its essence, abstractly and with examples n Formulate statements and comments in a precise language n Evaluate and revise the activities in the light of checks and tests. n n PAY ATTENTION TO DETAIL

Variables

Symbolic Names x i Basic. Pay House. Rent

Data types n Whole numbers: – int, short, long, unsigned n Real Numbers (with decimal points) – float, double n Character data – char

int = 4 bytes char = 1 byte

ASCII Table

Arrays Collection of same data types

Arithmetic Operators Plus + Minus Multiply * Divide / Modulus %

Modulus Operator a%b; 7%2=1; 100 % 20 = 0 ;

Compound Arithmetic Operators += -= *= /= %=

Compound Arithmetic Operators a=a+b; a += b ;

Logical Operators AND OR && ||

Comparison Operators a<b; a <= b ; a == b ; a >= b ; a>b;

if ( a = b ) //Wrong //Logical Error

Bit wise Operators Bit wise AND & Bit wise OR | Bit wise Exclusive OR ^ NOT ~ (Binary) (unary)

Sequential Construct n Decision Construct n Loop Construct n

If-statement if ( condition ) { statement ( s ) ; }

If-else if ( condition ) { statement ( s ) ; } else { statement ( s ) ; }

Nested if statements

if ( condition ) { statement ( s ) ; } if ( condition ) { statement ( s ) ; } statement ( s ) ;

While Loops while ( a > b ) { statement ( s ) ; }

While Loops While loop executes zero or more times

Do - while do { statement ( s ) ; } while ( condition ) ;

Do - while Do-while loop executes one or more times

For Loops for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++ ; ) { statement ( s ) ; }

Switch Statement

break ; n continue ; n

Functions

Call by value n Call by reference n

Arrays

Arrays int a [ 10 ] ; a[0]; : a[9];

Pointers

Pointers Memory address of a variable is stored inside a pointer

Files and their Input / Output systems