Introduction to Plastic Surgery By Heather Harding Plastikos

Introduction to Plastic Surgery By: Heather Harding

“Plastikos” n The term “plastic surgery” is derived from the Greek word “Plastikos” n Means to mold or give form

n As early as 2, 000 BCE in India as a form of punishment! n In. When 600 was BCE texts described the Sanskrit first reconstructive surgery performed? reconstruction of a mutilated nose using tissue from the cheek

Renaissance Times Primarily rebuilding of nose n Start of experimentation with Indian ideas of using local and distant tissue to reconstruct wounds n

War Times The need for reconstructions launched during World War 1 n Massive disfiguration of burn victims creates new challenges to surgeons n

1920 s-1930 s n n European surgeons Maliniac and Aufricht launch The American Society of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeons (ASPRS) n Maliniac 1 st division of Plastic Surgery in a public hospital is formed Aufricht By the late 1930 s The American Board of Plastic Surgery (ABPS) is createdqualification as plastic surgeon

1940 s n The Journal Debuted in 1946 ¨ Forum for Plastic Surgeons to share their knowledge/discoveries ¨ n Plastic Surgery Educational Foundation (PSEF) ¨ ¨ ¨ Founded in 1948 Supports education on plastic surgery to surgeons and public Awards scholarships & prizes Seminars and meetings Exchange programs w/physicians around the world

1950 s ASPRS is fully board certified n Communication with the public heightens n ¨ Television n New innovations ¨ Latest innovation is internal wiring for facial fractures ¨ Being tested in hospitals in Korea

1960 s n Public exposure increases number of procedures being performed n Silicone development Initially used to treat skin imperfections ¨ 1962 begins usage as breast implant device ¨

1970 s & 1980 s n n n Personal advertising of surgeons is banned Specialties and individual procedures start getting marketed through brochures Flame retardant children’s clothing is developed Plastic Surgery

1990 s n Internet ¨ Websites for surgeons to post questions, get answers and share procedure info n ASPRS becomes ASPS to assure that plastic surgery and reconstructive surgery are the same n Silicone Implant Crisis due to complications ¨ Links to illness ¨ The Horrors of Breast Implants is released nationally on TV ¨ Toll free hotline is set up regarding silicone implant safety ¨ Silicone implants can only be used for reconstruction under clinical studies n Health Care Reform ¨ Insurance companies are required to cover cost of reconstruction breast surgery for women who have undergone a mastectomy

2000 s n Botox approval: average 1. 1 million injections/year n 10 deaths leads to 3 month pause of office based surgery n Improved Public Perceptions ¨ Magazines and TV shows n By 2006 16. 2 million+ surgeries are being performed annually n Reintroduction of Silicone Implant ¨ General patient usage is approved in 2006 after tests prove no connection to illness

Future Challenges Reducing surgical scarring and patient recovery time n Scar-less healing takes place in the womb, researchers are trying to unlock the secrets of the growth factor environment of it to apply to wounds n