Introduction to Plants Agenda Handout on nonvascular plants

Introduction to Plants Agenda: • Handout on non-vascular plants • Vascular notes on plants in foldable Mon April 14 • Draw and label seeds Warm Up: new handout What do you think is the importance of plants to study and understand? Homework: None 1 http: //www. biologyjunction. com/plant_taxonomy_bi. htm

KINGDOM PLANTAE THE ORGANISMS IN THIS KINGDOM ARE VARIOUS TYPES OF PLANTS Copy on front inside cover of foldable

Overview of Plants: • All plants are multicellular & contain chlorophyll inside of chloroplasts • All plants are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that reproduce sexually • Many medicines are produced by plants • Plants are very diverse & may be terrestrial or aquatic • Vary in size from 1 mm in width to more than 328 feet • May live a few weeks or some over 5000 years • More than 270, 000 plant species identified, but new species still unidentified in tropical rain forests

How Plant Adapts to Land n n n Problems: Need minerals n Gravity n Increase in Height for Light n Adaptations for Drier n environment Reproduction n Solutions: Roots absorb H 2 O & minerals Lignin & cellulose in cell walls Vascular Transport System Waxy cuticle & stomata with guard cells Pollen containing sperm 6

Water Vs. Land Plant Cells Land plants have a rigid cell wall for support Water plants cells are less rigid and rely on the water to give them support. Roots Land plants have extensive root systems to find water, nutrients and footing, roots are also used for storage Water plants many do not have roots and absorb nutrients through leaves 5

2 Major Plant Groups: Vascular & Non-Vascular tissue: adapted to carry substances throughout the organism

Mosses are food for animals & help form soil & keep it moist. Nonvascular plants: http: //www. bing. com/videos/search? q=nopnvascular+plants&view=detail&mid=C 331 DAFFD 5 F 36 EC 0 D 0 D 6 C 331 DAFFD 5 F 36 EC 0 D 0 D 6&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR

NON-VASCULAR PLANTS v Lack vascular tissue v Use osmosis and diffusion to transport water and nutrients v Do not have “true” roots, stems, & leaves. v Reproduce by sperm & eggs formed at the tip of the “leafy stem”. v Need water source - grow on land near streams & rivers v Small and close to the ground

Vascular Plants v Seedless v Have – ferns have spores instead of seeds v Gymnosperms – seeds with no covering v Angiosperms – seeds with covering

Ferns are seedless vascular plants

Ferns reproduce by producing spores on structures on the undersides of their fronds called sori. The fern plant which is the sporophyte produces spores which germinate on free ground growing a prothallus structure (the gametophyte) where the gametes are produced (sperm and eggs). Because of the fact sperm must swim from these structures ferns usually live in damp areas. 21

Complete Gymnosperms Reading and Activity PLANTS NON-VASCULAR MOSSES VASCULAR FERNS ANGIOSPERMS MONOCOT GYMNOSPERMS DICOT

To Do! 1. Go to back of page 2 and label SEEDS 2. Get a plastic cup and 2 seeds. 1 sunflower seed one pumpkin seed. 3. On pg. 2. create a detailed drawing of both seeds and put date next to drawing 4. Wet a paper towel (not soaking wet/not dry) put seeds into paper towel fold and put into cup. 5. Put name on cup and place into bin 16

To Do Today Tue April 15 v. Check seeds - draw, label and water v. Gymnosperm notes v. Look at gymnosperms – pine cones v. Gymnosperm handout Warm Up. Name a similarity and difference between a fern and a moss. Homework: None

Seed Check nexamine your seeds - what can you label? 15

Complete Gymnosperms Reading and Activity PLANTS NON-VASCULAR MOSSES VASCULAR FERNS MONOCOT ANGIOSPERMS GYMNOSPERMS DICOT

Seed-Producing Vascular Plants n Includes two groups – Gymnosperms and Angiosperms n n Gymnosperms have naked seeds in cones Angiosperms have flowers that produce seeds to attract pollinators and produce seeds 19

TYPES OF VASCULAR PLANTS n n GYMNOSPERMS: Keeps leaves all year and has seeds in cones ANGIOSPERMS: Loses leaves once a year and has seeds in fruit n Angiosperms are divided into two groups: Monocots and Dicots http: //www. brainpop. com/science/diversityoflife/seedplants/ 23

Vascular Plants with Seeds Gymnosperms: *Keep leaves (needles) all year *Seeds have no covering and contained in cones

Pine Cones

Giant Sequoias 21

Gymnosperms n n Contains the oldest living plant – Bristle cone pine Contains the tallest living plant – Sequoia or redwood 25 21

Gymnosperms Coniferophyta are known as conifers n Includes pine, cedar, spruce, and fir n Cycadophyta – cycads n Ginkgophyta - ginkgo n Cycad Ginkgo 20

To Do Today v. Check Wed/Thurs April 16&17 seeds - draw, label and water v. Video review http: //www. brainpop. com/science/diversityoflife/seedplants/ v. Plant dissetion Activity Warm Up- explain each answer 1. Gymnosperms have beautiful flowers to help them reproduce. True False 2. Which of these is NOT a gymnosperm? Cycad, Pine Tree, Ginkgo, They Are All Gymnosperms 3. Gymnosperms have seeds. True False

Seed Check n. Examine your seeds - what can you label? Draw seeds (detail) detail and put into soil – being careful to no damage roots 25

35

Parts of a Flower Lab Activity *handout

Apples