INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Ramchandra Bhivaji Bhaskar Assist

INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Ramchandra Bhivaji Bhaskar Assist. Professor & Head Department of Geography The New college, Kolhapur

Geography HISTORY ØBehaim’s (1492) Two dimension maps ØVarenius (1622 -1650) General Geography ØImmannel kant (1724 -1804) Geology, Zoo and Botony ØEurope and US (1800 century) ØHumbolt – Cosmos ØRitter – erdkunde ØRatzel – Father of human geography ØW M Davis - Geomorphology ØPenk – Physical Geography ØRichard Hartshorne- Nature of Geography ØBowman – what, where and why ØTaylor – Correlative science ØBlache – Science of places ØDavid Harvey – areal differentiation

geography §The study of natural and human constructed phenomena relative to spatial dimension. § The study of the features of the earth surface including with spatial distribution, interrelationship and the interaction of the man with them. HISTORY Ø 400 yrs ago ØMap features and places observed as explores ØGreek philosophers and scientist learning about nature of human and physical features found on earth ØHerodotus (484 -425 BC) human and physical geography ØAristotle (384 -322 BC) Earth had a spherical shape ØEratosthenes (276 -194 BC) Equatorial circumference ØRoman ØStrabo (64 BC-20 AD) Cultural Geographia ØPtolemy (100 -178 AD) Latitude and Longitude ØArab ØAl-Idrisi, Ibn-Buttutah & Ibn- Khaldun – Making of map & descriptive Geo.

DEFINITION OF GEOGRAPHY Geo – Earth, Graphia – Description 1. Field Survey 2. Observation 3. experimental 4. analysis 5. Space 6. Temporal 7. Interaction 8. Location 9. Distribution 10. Pattern 11. Processes 12. Structure 13. Composition 14. Stage

DEFINITION OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Ø The study of Physical environment Arthur Holmes: The study of physical geography which includes consideration of surface relief of the globe, of the seas and oceans and of the air. W. M. Davis The study of composition, processes and stage of the physical features. Webster : The study of transformation in landscape, water, climate etc. Richard Hartshorne The systematic description of earth surface forces Arthur Holmes : The study of unification of a number of earth science which gives us general insight of earth environment.

Element of geography PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Rocks and Mineral Population Land forms Settlement Soil Economics activities Animal Transportation Plants Recreational activities Water Relation Atmosphere Political System River and other water bodies Social Tradition Environment Human Migration Climate and Weather Agricultural System Oceans Urban System

SCOPE OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 1. Lithosphere 2. Hydrosphere 3. Atmosphere 4. Biosphere

Branches of physical geography PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Geomorphology Economic Geography Climatology Social Geography Hydrology Urban Geography Oceanography Rural Geography Pedology Tourism Geography Landscape ecology Transport Geography Glaciology Demography Geodesy Political Geography Palaeogeography Cultural Geography Quaternary science Historical Geography

Branches of Geomorphology & climatology CLIMATOLOGY GEOMORPHOLOGY Physical & Dynamical Energy exchange & physical component atmosphere motion Applied Forestry, agri, Industry, soil Descriptive Analytic approach, Stat, Math & synoptic Fluvial Rivers, Sediments, drainage Aeolian Winds, Deserts Hill slope Soil, regolith, rock, gravity Glacial Ice, abrasion, plucking, moraine Tectonic Fold, faulting Micro Relate to ground Coastal Sea floor, beaches dunes Meso Region Macro world Scale

Importance of physical geography • Geology • Environment Engineering • Archaeology • Ecology • Planetary Science • Environment policy and Management • Remote Sensing • Soil conservation • Rehabilitation project • Urban Planning • Agriculture • Tourism • Transportation development

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