Introduction to Pharmacology Module A Common Pharmacology Terms

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Introduction to Pharmacology Module A

Introduction to Pharmacology Module A

Common Pharmacology Terms Pharmaceutics Pharmacodynamics Pharmacogenetics Pharmacognosy Pharmacokinetics Pharmacology Pharmacotherapeutics Other terms are independent

Common Pharmacology Terms Pharmaceutics Pharmacodynamics Pharmacogenetics Pharmacognosy Pharmacokinetics Pharmacology Pharmacotherapeutics Other terms are independent study

History of Pharmacology

History of Pharmacology

History of Pharmacology Mystical Period Empirical Period Medieval Period Contemporary Period

History of Pharmacology Mystical Period Empirical Period Medieval Period Contemporary Period

Sources of Drugs Plants Animals and Humans Minerals and Mineral products Synthetic or Chemical

Sources of Drugs Plants Animals and Humans Minerals and Mineral products Synthetic or Chemical substances

Sources of Drugs and Drug Information Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR) Package Inserts Nursing Drug

Sources of Drugs and Drug Information Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR) Package Inserts Nursing Drug Guides /Nursing Journals Internet websites

Legal and Ethical Issues Legal Issues Ethical Issues Basic Ethical Principles Beneficence Nonmaleficence Autonomy

Legal and Ethical Issues Legal Issues Ethical Issues Basic Ethical Principles Beneficence Nonmaleficence Autonomy Justice Veracity Confidentiality

Legal and Ethical Issues Nurse Practice Act- describe and define the legal boundaries of

Legal and Ethical Issues Nurse Practice Act- describe and define the legal boundaries of nursing practice within each state.

Legal and Ethical Issues Student’s role in medication administration v Held to the same

Legal and Ethical Issues Student’s role in medication administration v Held to the same standards as licensed nurses v Responsible for their own actions v Important to know the Nurse Practice Act

Federal laws Food and Drug Administration Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 Federal

Federal laws Food and Drug Administration Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938 1952: Durham-Humphrey Amendment of the 1938 Act 1962: Kefauver-Harris Amendment of the 1938 Act

Federal laws, cont 1970: Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act Harrison Narcotic Act

Federal laws, cont 1970: Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act Harrison Narcotic Act

State laws Conforms to the federal legislative guidelines Additional control, such as with substances

State laws Conforms to the federal legislative guidelines Additional control, such as with substances not regulated by the federal government

 FDA approval process Investigational New Drug Application Informed Consent U. S. Food and

FDA approval process Investigational New Drug Application Informed Consent U. S. Food and Drug Administration Drug Approval Process Preclinical Investigational Drug Studies Four Clinical Phases of Investigational Drug Studies a. Phase I b. Phase II c. Phase III d. Phase I Expedited Drug Approval

Controlled Substance Act The Controlled Substance Act of 1970 Promoted drug education and research

Controlled Substance Act The Controlled Substance Act of 1970 Promoted drug education and research into the prevention and treatment of drug dependence, strengthened enforcement authority, established treatment and rehabilitation facilities, and designed schedules or categories for controlled substances.

Controlled Substances : Schedule Categories See the diagram in the textbook

Controlled Substances : Schedule Categories See the diagram in the textbook

Pharmacodynamics- The action of a drug on the body, including receptor interactions, dose response

Pharmacodynamics- The action of a drug on the body, including receptor interactions, dose response phenomena, and mechanisms of therapeutic and toxic action.

Receptor theory- MOA Receptor is a reactive site on the surface of a cell

Receptor theory- MOA Receptor is a reactive site on the surface of a cell or tissue. Drug forms a chemical bond with the receptor sites Drug binds to and interactions occurs at the receptor site thus producing a pharmacologic response

Receptor theory- MOA Agonist Partial Agonist Antagonist Competitive Antagonist Noncompetitive Antagonist

Receptor theory- MOA Agonist Partial Agonist Antagonist Competitive Antagonist Noncompetitive Antagonist

 Nonreceptor drug actions Enzyme Interaction Nonspecific Interaction

Nonreceptor drug actions Enzyme Interaction Nonspecific Interaction

Pharmacokinetics The actions of the body on the drug, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and

Pharmacokinetics The actions of the body on the drug, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination or excretion

Pharmacokinetics Absorption Distribution Metabolism or Biotransformation Excretion or Elimination Serum half-life Factors that affect

Pharmacokinetics Absorption Distribution Metabolism or Biotransformation Excretion or Elimination Serum half-life Factors that affect pharmacokinetics

Absorption Process by which a drug is transferred from its site of entry into

Absorption Process by which a drug is transferred from its site of entry into the body to the circulating fluids of the body for distribution.

Distribution The ways in which drugs are transported by the body’s circulating fluids to

Distribution The ways in which drugs are transported by the body’s circulating fluids to the sites of action, metabolism, and excretion.

Metabolism or Biotransformation Process by which the body inactivates the drugs. Liver is the

Metabolism or Biotransformation Process by which the body inactivates the drugs. Liver is the most responsible organ. Other tissues and organs n n n Skeletal muscle lungs Plasma Kidneys Intestinal mucosa

Excretion or Elimination Process of ridding the body of the drug metabolites and some

Excretion or Elimination Process of ridding the body of the drug metabolites and some active drug forms. Two primary elimination organs n Kidneys- urine n GI- feces

Serum half-life A measure of the time needed for 50% of the drug to

Serum half-life A measure of the time needed for 50% of the drug to be eliminated from the body.

Factors that affect pharmacokinetics Age Body Weight Metabolic Rate Illness Psychologic Aspects Tolerance

Factors that affect pharmacokinetics Age Body Weight Metabolic Rate Illness Psychologic Aspects Tolerance

Pharmacology The study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical processes, e.

Pharmacology The study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical processes, e. g. by binding to regulatory molecules that activate or inhibit normal body processes.