Introduction to Open Access KLISCEIFL Open Access Policy

Introduction to Open Access KLISC/EIFL Open Access Policy Formulation Workshop 28 th February, 2018 at Nairobi Safari Club. Ms. Penninah S. Musangi Chairperson – KLISC/EIFL OA Advocacy Project

"There is always more to be gained from sharing knowledge than from hoarding it. Don’t worry about people stealing your work; worry about the moment they stop. Whenever people want what you have, regardless of the circumstances, you’re doing it “Marc and Angel Hack Life” right”

Introduction INTRODUCTION Open Access (OA) Making resources freely available to researchers globally for development

Concept of Open Access • Denotes free access to scholarly literature/knowledge • ‘knowledge’ refers primarily to publicly funded academic knowledge. • No charge to the user • Presents an alternative to the traditional subscription based publishing model

Open Access Movement • Gained momentum in 2001 with the signing of the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) • “Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing 2003” • Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities 2003

Costly Variable Costs ② Free ③ ① Costly Free ④ ⑤ Modified from: http: //libguides. viu. ca/mgmt-basics

Roads to Open Access Golden Road Open Access Journals Happiness Is Only Real When Shared, by Jose Roberto V Moraes, licensed under CC BY 2. 0 Green Road Open Access Repositories muhuhuh, by Alex 4739924, licensed under CC BY-SA 3. 0

OA Strategies • GOLD ROAD - OA journals: Scholars can publish in OA journals – E-journals that are freely available – Mirror quality assurance practices-Peer review, copy-editing – Let authors retain the copyright to their articles and use the Creative Commons Attribution License http: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-sa/3. 0/

OA strategies contd…. �GREEN ROAD - Researcher selfarchiving in OA archives or repositories �Institutional repositories ◦ Capture, centralize, preserve & disseminate an institution’s collective intellectual capital

Kenyan Scenario • Most dissemination done on institutional websites with prominent papers presented showcased. • Full text links provided in some cases. • Suffers from lack of systematic control and long term preservation strategy. • Publishers

Decentralized Access Wasted Resources Minimum visibility Effects of poor management… Minimum access Reinventing the wheel Minimimum use

Visibility Access Preservation Impact IR Collaboration A service offered by an institution to its members to manage its digital

Why IR’s Best way to provide OA to institutional research output

Work Flow • Copyright * * • Digitizatio n Submission Reviewing Metadata Editing Available at IR • Convert * Accept /Reject Email.

What can be put in the Repository? Scholarly articles / Research Open lectures / Addresses Conference papers / Proceedings Digitized Special Collections Technical Reports Theses / Dissertations Newspaper clippings

Roles and Responsibilities Submitter Reviewer Metadata Editor/cataloguer Registers as submitter. Cannot do any editing once he submits an item. Can review, edit, accept or reject submitted item but cannot change files. Can edit submitted collection. Submission automatically becomes part of D-Space after this step.

Roles and Responsibilities • Manage collections with top level community • Stay current on new developments Collection Manager and keep dean of faculty updated • Guide and give direction to role players • Evaluate collections and give guidance Administrator • Market the IR amongst departments with collection manager • Identify possible collections/register new collections • Compile policy for collections, register submitters, submit material and keep clients updated. • Training

Documents governing the Repository • • Institution Open Access Policy Institution-Portal Policy The Deposit Agreement Definition of Terms

Institution Open Access Policy �This is the foundation for the repository. �Obliges members of the organization to deposit a copy of their scholarly output to the repository under a non-exclusive right. (Authors retain their copyright) �For published works, the agreement signed by the authors with the publisher take priority and should not be in conflict with the policy.

The Deposit Agreement • Signed by the submitter as they deposit an item in the repository. • Indemnifies the organization from litigation claims arising from deposit of items by an individual who does not own the copyright.

IR Deposit Agreement By agreeing with and accepting this license, I (the author(s), copyright owner or nominated agent) agree to the conditions, as stated below, for deposit of the item (referred to as. the Work. ) in the digital repository maintained by (the institution), or any other repository authorized for use by (the institution). Non-exclusive Rights granted to the digital repository through this agreement are entirely nonexclusive. I understand that depositing the Work in the repository does not affect my rights to publish the Work elsewhere, either in present or future versions. I agree that (the organization) may electronically store, copy or translate the Work to any approved medium or format for the purpose of future preservation and accessibility. The organization is not under any obligation to reproduce or display the Work in the same formats or resolutions in which it was originally deposited. Institutional Repository I understand that work deposited in the digital repository will be accessible to a wide variety of people and institutions, including automated agents and search engines via the World Wide Web. I understand that once the Work is deposited, metadata may be incorporated into public access catalogues.

I agree as follows: 1. That I am the author or have the authority of the author/s to make this agreement and do hereby give (the organization) the right to make the Work available in the way described above. 2. That I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the Work is original, and to the best of my knowledge, does not breach any laws including those relating to defamation, libel and copyright. 3. That I have, in instances where the intellectual property of other authors or copyright holders is included in the Work, gained explicit permission for the inclusion of that material in the Work, and in the electronic form of the Work as accessed through the open access digital repository, or that I have identified that material for which adequate permission has not been obtained and which will be inaccessible via the digital repository. 4. That (the organization) does not hold any obligation to take legal action on behalf of the Depositor, or other rights holders, in the event of a breach of intellectual property rights, or any other right, in the material deposited. 5. That if, as a result of my having knowingly or recklessly given a false statement at points 1, 2 or 3 above, the organization suffers loss, I will make good that loss and indemnify (the organization) for all action, suits, proceedings, claims, demands and costs occasioned by the University in consequence of my false statement.

Institution-Portal Policy • • • Guides the day-to-day operation of the repository. Defines Institution Portal Repository structure Submission Policy: Who can submit What can be deposited Meta data generation Preservation policy Withdrawal policy Procedures Formats, Software used

Definition of Terms • This document defines the terms used in the organization’s Open Access Policy and the Deposit Agreement.

Benefits of IR Authors • Full text archiving • Easy sharing of research • Exposure for peer review • Improved citation Institution • open access to resources • Increased usage of scholarly publications • Intangible indicator of universities’ quality • Enhanced management of knowledge • Improve institution’s web ranking Publishers • Can identify potential international papers

Benefits of IR Authors • Research is more valuable when shared – sharing enables new research to build on earlier findings and to enhance advancement of knowledge • Effective Communication of research results Institution • Attract Research funding

Benefits of Open Access Authors retain exploitation rights Increased visibility and citation advantage Free access to publicly financed research results Improved supply of information & response to serials crisis Good findability by search engines & other indexing services Promote international and interdisciplinary cooperation Promote research efficiency by rapid discussion of research results

Role of researchers in promoting OA • Publishing in OAJ’s and restrict the copyrights transferred to private publishing companies. • Consider launching an OA journal in areas of specialization • Self-archiving in an-OAI-compliant archive or repository

Social Networking websites – Research. Gate. net, Academia. edu, Linkedin. com, get. CITED. org, SSRN. com , Academia. edu, Cite. ULike. org, Impact. Story. org, Mendeley. com, esearchblogging. org, Skills. Pages. com, Slide. Share. net, SSRN. com, ORCID. org etc – You tube, Facebook, Twitter, Blogging

Visibility and citation in OA Researchers • OA provides immediate visibility of research output increased visibility and usage of results • Helps increase visibility of co-authors • Repository enables collection of research outputs in a safe, permanent location • Repository provides information on usage and impact • Repository provides personalised publication lists to be used in grant applications, CVs, when writing articles, tenure considerations • Does visibility increase citation of researcher’s articles?

OA and Citation Advantage • Alma Swan Open Access Citation Advantage: Studies and Results to date http: //eprints. soton. ac. uk/268516/2/Citation_ advantage_paper. pdf • The study analyzed articles written between 2001 -2010 • Concluded that OA has positive impact on growth of citations

Open Access and Visibility of Individual Researchers contd. • Example – Ray Frost, researcher from Queensland University of Technology deposited his articles in the QUT digital repository and the number of citations went up as seen from data available in Web of Science. – 2001 -2003 he was getting 300 citations per year – 2004 -2008 when he started depositing articles in the repository, the citations started shooting up averaging at 1, 200 by 2008 (per year) – http: //www. openscholarship. org/jcms/c_6220/en/cas e-study-open-access-visibility-and-impact-of-anindividual-researcher? hl. Text=ray+frost

OA and visibility of institution • Improved visibility and impact of the institutions’ research output • Improved management of institutional intellectual property • Contribute to institutional knowledge management • Improved institutional, national and global research • Enhanced status and reputation – attract talent and funding • Enhanced ‘research capacity’ • Due to enhanced visibility of research – quality (mitigation against plagiarism) • Institutional ranking -Webometrics ranking of world universities, Times higher education ranking etc

OA and visibility at the national level • A number of countries have adopted OA policies eg Argentina, Brazil, NRF (SA) • Kenya open data site (over 2. 5 million views since 2011) • Research informing policy/development • Access to publicly funded research

CONCERNS • • Predatory journals Plagiarism Quality Costs – Equipment – Human capacity – infrastructure • Fear of the unknown => poor uptake by researchers • National and institutional policies have not yet acknowledged role of OA

Challenges • IR Policies • Content recruitment • Copyright concerns • Researchers are judged by where they have published when they compete for jobs, promotions and grant money

Conclusion • Success of OA Initiatives depends on commitment by all parties concerned – administrators, researchers, librarians, users, ICT support, publishers • Sensitization of all stakeholders required/advocacy • Capacity building/training – digitization, submission and uploading of documents on IR, publishing in OA Journals, etc • Instituting the required infrastructure.

CONCLUSION • OA holds a lot of potential for Africa through – Visibility for African research output – Ability to contribute to and shape global knowledge – Development of open educational resources to enrich learning, research and development

RESEARCH AND PUBLISH ENHANCES YOUR VISIBILITY AND VISIBILITY OF YOUR INSTITUTION

END Thank You! Saturday, March 6, 2021