Introduction to Network Management Telephone network n Characteristics

Introduction to Network Management

Telephone network n Characteristics q q q n Reliable - does what is expected of it Dependable - always there when you need it Good quality (connection) - hearing each other well Reasons q q Good planning, design, and implementation Good operation and management of network

Telephone Network Model

Operations Systems / NOC n Operations support systems q Monitor telephone network parameters n q q q S/N ratio, transmission loss, call blockage, etc. Real-time management of network Trunk (logical entity between switches) maintenance system measures loss and S/N. Trunks not meeting Qo. S are removed before customer notices poor quality Traffic measurement systems measure call blockage. Additional switch planned to keep the call blockage below acceptable level Operations systems are distributed at central offices Network management done centrally from Network Operations Center (NOC)

Data Communication Network

Internet Configuration

Internet Topology http: //personalpages. manchester. ac. uk/staff/m. dodge/cybergeography/atlas/topology. html

TCP/IP Based Networks q q q q TCP/IP is a suite of protocols Internet is based on TCP/IP IP is Internet protocol at the network layer level TCP is connection-oriented transport protocol and ensures end-to-end connection UDP is connectionless transport protocol and provides datagram service E-mail, WWW, FTP, Telnet: TCP/IP Network mgmt. (SNMP): UDP/IP ICMP: part of TCP/IP suite

Comparison Telephone Network TCP/IP, Internet Terminal telephone Terminal PDAs, PC, Workstations, … Application (Content) Voice Application (Content) Data: File, Message Voice, Image, Video. Bandwidth Requirement Static (64 kbps) Bandwidth Requirement Dynamic (kbps ~ Mbps) Transmission Loop: UTP Trunk: Optical Fiber Transmission Access: UTP, Coaxial Cable, … Trunk: Coaxial Cable, Optical Fiber Network Elements (NEs) CPE, Switch, Mux, Cross connect Network Elements (NEs) Hub, Switch, Bridge, Router

Comparison (cont. ) Telephone Network TCP/IP, Internet Addressing telephone number Intelligent Networks Addressing MAC, IP, Port, Domain Name, URL Network Configuration fixed, or seldom changed Network Configuration Changed frequently Growth Stable, not changed Growth grow in dog years, new applications Network Management Well planned NOCs Network Management ? Network Management Tools/Systems

Protocols used in NM n SNMP(v 1, v 2, v 3) q n ICMP q q n n Address Resolution Protocol/ (Reverse ARP) TCP q n Internet Control Message Protocol Ping , traceroute ARP/RARP q n Simple Network Management Protocol Socket Telnet/SSH HTTP+XML

Common Network Problems q Loss of connectivity (Link, Node, Interface) q Duplicate IP address (Procedural) q Intermittent problems A system interface problem in a shared medium § q Network configuration issues q Non-problems § q The cause of failure is a mystery. (Turn off , Turn on) Performance problems § The cause of long network delay and increasing the response time

What is Network Management? n Goal q To ensure that the users of a network receive the IT services with the quality of service (Qo. S) that they expect. "Network management includes the deployment, integration and coordination of the hardware, software, and human elements to monitor, test, configure, analyze, evaluate, and control the network and element resources to meet the real-time, operational performance, and Quality of Service requirements at a reasonable cost. "

Top-down View of NM functions

NM Functional

NM Functional Requirements n Fault Management q n Configuration Management q n keep track of usage for charging Performance Management q n identify managed resources and their connectivity, discovery Accounting Management q n detection, isolation and correction of abnormal operations monitor and evaluate the behavior of managed resources Security Management q allow only authorized access and control FCAPS

Fault Management n n Manages network problems to keep the network running reliably and efficiently. Fault management process involves the following steps u u Detecting the problem symptoms. Isolating the problem. Fixing the problem automatically (if possible) or manually. Logging the detection and resolution of the problem.

Configuration Management n n Configuration Management monitors network and system configuration information and stores it in a configuration management database. The maintenance of this database allows network administrators to track hardware, software, and other network resources

Configuration Management (2) n Each network device has a variety of information associated with it: q q Software version information for the operating system, protocol software, or management software. Hardware version information for the interfaces or hardware controllers. Contact information indicating who to contact if problems with the device arise. Location information indicating the physical location of the device.

Configuration Management (3) n CM Information Associated with a Managed Device

Accounting Management n n Measures network utilization parameters in order to regulate individual and group uses of the network. Minimizes network problems and maximizes fairness of user access to the network because network resources can be portioned based on network capacity and user needs.

Performance Management n n n Maintains internetwork performance at acceptable levels by measuring and managing various network performance variables. Performance variables include network throughput, user response times, line utilization, and others. Performance management involves three basic steps: 1. Gathering data relating to key performance variables. 2. Analyzing data to determine the normal (baseline) performance levels. 3. Determining appropriate performance thresholds for each variable so that exceeding these thresholds indicates a network problem worthy of attention.

Performance Management (2) Performance Console Window Action View Help Favorites Tree Favorites Console Root 100 System Monitor Performance Logs and Alerts 80 60 40 20 10 Last Color Scale 1. 000 3. 000 Average Maximum 16. 154 Minimum 63. 000 Duration Counter Instance Parent --% Processor Time_Total --% Processor Timeexplorer --% Disk Time 0 C: D: --Page/sec ----Bytes Received/sec Default FTP Site 2. 000 1: 40 Object Computer Processor \LONDON Process \LONDON Physical. Disk \LONDON Memory \LONDON FTP Service\LONDON

Performance Management (3) n Reactive q n when performance becomes unacceptable (that is, a user-defined threshold is exceeded), the managed device reacts by sending an alert to the network management system (NMS). Proactive q simulation is used to project how network growth will affect performance metrics. These simulations alert administrators to impending problems before they affect network users.

Performance Management (4) Reactive PM Components § § § The management entity continually monitors performance variables in managed devices. When a particular performance threshold is exceeded, the NMS or the managed device detects the problem. If the managed device detects the problem, it generates an alert and sends it to the NMS. The NMS takes an appropriate action, such as alerting the network administrator.

Windows Task Manager File Options View Windows Help File Options View Help Applications Processes Performance Windows Task Manager File Options View Help Applications Processes. Performance CPU Usage Task CPU Time Mem Usage Image Name PID CPUStatus Building Schematic Paint Running System Idle Process 0 96 4: 52: 37 16 K System 8 00 0: 00: 27 212 K 3% Memo to Supervisor - Word. Pad. Running smss. exe 168 00 0: 00 344 K Calculator csrss. exe 196 00 Running 0: 00: 20 1, 820 MEMK Usage winlogon. exe 220 00 0: 09 4, 408 K My Computer Running services. exe 148 00 0: 00: 14 8, 228 K lsass. exe svchost. exe spoolsv. exe mspaint. exe msdtc. exe inojobsv. exe dfssvc. exe svchost. exe ismserv. exe llssrv. exe ntfrs. exe regsvc. exe 160 472 492 624 704 808 824 840 864 880 928 968 00 00 02 00 00 0: 00: 32 0: 00: 00 0: 04 0: 00 0: 07: 46 0: 00: 00 0: 01 0: 09 0: 00 Memory Usage History 15, 768 K 2, 648 K 10 1600 K 4, 184 K 352 K 3, 428 K Totals 5, 704 K Handles 5932 2, 336 K Threads 381 3, 416 K Processes 30 5, 348 K 3, 860 K Charge (K) Commit 1, 108 Total. K 101600 844 K Limit Peak Show processes from all users End Process End Task Switch To New Task. . . Processes: 30 CPU Usage: 6% Processes: 30 CPU Usage: 2% Mem Processes: 30 CPU Usage History Mem Usage: 103452 K / 310892 K Usage: 103500 K / 310892 K 310892 116896 CPU Usage: 3% Physical Memory (K) Total 130612 Available 27740 System Cache 50704 Kernel Memory (K) Total 22804 Paged 15704 Nonpaged 7100 Mem Usage: 101600 K / 310892 K

Security Management n Access control q q Controls access to network resources, and prevents network sabotage (intentional or unintentional) and unauthorized access to sensitive information. Aids administrators in creating a secure network environment. This includes: n n partitioning network resources into authorized and unauthorized areas, mapping groups of users to those areas, and monitoring, policing, and logging user access to resources in those areas. Security monitoring q q q Security event collection Event analysis, correlation and alert generation Alert handling

Infrastructure for network management definitions: managing entity agent data managing data entity network management protocol managed devices contain managed device managed objects whose data is gathered into a agent data Management Information Base (MIB) managed device agent data managed device

Network Management Systems n n A network management system (NMS) is a collection of tools for network monitoring and control based on the manager-agent paradigm q q q n n the manager sends mgmt requests to one or more agents an agent performs the requested operation and returns results when agents detect faults and they report to the manager NMS typically provides a GUI through which most or all management tasks can be performed Many commercial and freely available NMSs exist: q Commercial n q HP Open. View, IBM Net. View, Sun Net Manager, Cisco works and etc. Open source n Open. NMS , Nagios and etc.

Interoperability Notes • Message exchange between NMSs managing different domains

Standard Management Frameworks n n Internet Network Management Framework (IETF) q SNMPv 1 q SNMPv 2 q SNMPv 3 OSI Network Management Framework (ISO/ITU-T) q CMIP (X. 700 Series) n Telecommunication Management Network (ITU-T) q TMN (M. 3000 Series) n Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) q DMI, CIM, WBEM n Tele. Management Forum q MTNM, e. TOM, and etc.

Status and Future Trends q Status: § SNMP management § Limited CMIP management § Operations systems q Future trends: § Object-oriented approach § Service and policy management § Web-based management § XML-base management