Introduction to Map Cataloging The Accidental Map Librarian

Introduction to Map Cataloging The Accidental Map Librarian Workshop Naomi Heiser Laura Wright University of Colorado, Boulder Map Library

Why catalog maps? • maps are as important sources of information as other formats • cataloging provides more access points than a geographic index, especially for maps covering more than one area • users are more likely to request (and use resources) that are cataloged • reduces wear (from browsing)

“In many collections a cartographic materials catalog does not exist, a situation that thrusts total dependence for retrieval upon the broad, but occasionally slumping, shoulders of the classification scheme and on the librarian’s memory, assuming that the latter is truly an elephant's child” (p. 121, Map Librarianship)

So, how do you catalog a map? • Use a cartographic workform/format (see resources at end of presentation for a workform template) • According to Cartographic Materials: a manual of interpretation for AACR 2 (2002 rev. ) • Refer to Map cataloging manual (Library of Congress), for excellent examples of rules applications • Atlases and globes are also cataloged as cartographic materials

Major differences between Cartographic and Monographic cataloging • Chief source of information • Main entry • Scale, projection, coordinates (i. e, “mathematical data”) • Unique notes • Geographic subjects / Call number construction (for Library of Congress classification)

Chief Source of Information • The chief source of information for other than a printed atlas (in order of preference) is: A) the cartographic item itself; when an item is in a number of physical parts, treat all the parts (including a title sheet) as the cartographic item itself B) container (e. g. portfolio, cover, envelope) or case • If the information is not available from the chief source, take it from any accompanying printed material (e. g. pamphlets, brochures)

from Cartographic Materials

Choice of title • Sometimes it is difficult to decide what the main title of a map is, since it can be located anywhere on the “chief source”, and at times is printed more than once, in more than one location, and with different wording (grr!). • Here is the main rule: “Consider all of the titles occurring in the locations cited in the following table, giving precedence to the title that includes the most precise description of BOTH AREA AND SUBJECT”. If this is not possible, do same thing considering only AREA. If not possible, use table to choose preferential title. • Globes and atlases have slightly different rules (see CM)

from Cartographic Materials

Main Entry Often not as clear as for monographs • May be a personal name (e. g. the cartographer) • May be a corporate name – but only if the corporate body is responsible for more than just publication or distribution of the map (see AACR 2 21. 1 B 2, category f) • May be title (no primary responsible author/entity) • Author added entries (both personal and corporate names) are common

Mathematical data The main components of the mathematical data portion of the catalog record: • Scale • Projection • Coordinates

Scale is given on maps in 3 basic formats: • Bar scale • Verbal scale • Representative fraction For the purposes of cataloging, you need to determine (calculate) the representative fraction • A representative fraction means: “this little on the map = this much on the earth’s surface”. • For instance, 1: 63, 360 is one inch to 63, 360 inches (or 1 inch = 1 mile)

Scale

4 methods for determining representative fraction Preferred: 1) Conversion from a graphic scale, using scale tool or “Natural Scale Indicator” (see Resources page for ordering information), or using a ruler. 2) Conversion from a verbal scale (see Appendix B of CM). 3) Possible (if you feel like it): Determination from graticule (Appendix B of CM) 4) Not recommended (by Library of Congress): Comparing to a similar map

If there is no scale on the map • Use “Scale not given” only if: the only way to determine the scale is to compare the map with a map of known scale (and your policy is not to do so). • Use “Scale indeterminable” only if: there is truly no way to determine the scale using any of the methods we’ve described, including comparison method.

More than one scale given • Sometimes there is more than one map on a sheet • If there are two scales, you may make two scale statements, with the larger scale listed first • If there are 3 or more scales, you may use “scales differ” as the scale description

Scale not consistent across map • Sometimes the scale of a map changes across the face of the map (for instance, the scale is larger in the middle than along the edges) • If this is significant, you make the statement: “scale varies” • This does not apply to bird’s eye views/perspective maps of towns since it is their normal state to have a varying scale. In this case you state: “Not drawn to scale”

Projection • A system used to represent the curved surface of the earth on a flat map. • USGS information page about projections: http: //erg. usgs. gov/isb/pubs/Map. Projections/projecti ons. html • For the purposes of cataloging maps, record the projection if stated on the map or accompanying material (container, booklet, etc. ) • For example, “Transverse Mercator proj. ”

Projection

Coordinates • “Any of a set of numbers used in specifying the location of a point on a line, a surface, or in space. ” (CM) • Geographic coordinates are defined in terms of latitude and longitude: Latitude is measured in reference to the Equator Longitude is usually measured in reference to the Greenwich meridian

Latitude and Longitude

Coordinates in cataloging • Record coordinates if they are printed on the map. • Record coordinates in the following order: Western extent, Eastern extent, Northern extent, Southern extent (WENS) • Record using degrees, minutes, and seconds (if they are readily apparent) • For example, a map of Boulder might have these coordinates: W 105° 22'30" W 105° 15'00"/N 40° 07'30" N 40° 00'00"

Unique Notes • General order of notes, see the Map Cataloging Manual, chapter 3: http: //www. itsmarc. com/crs/map 0852. htm • Nature and scope (Relief*, Date of situation, Shows, etc. ) • Source of title • Contents (such as Includes, Insets, On verso, etc. ) *If relief is shown on the map, this note (“Relief shown by…”) comes first

Geographic subject headings • Maps always have a geographic component to the subject(s) • Sometimes the geographic area is the only subject • Sometimes the geographic area is a subdivision of a topical subject

Classification (Library of Congress) • Geographic area • Subject cutter • Year (or scale) • Main entry cutter ex: G 4311. P 2 2007 $b. W 7 would be a road map showing all of Colorado in 2007, drawn by me (Laura Wright)

Sample Records… Best of Boulder, Colorado: 2006 2007 Boulder Sanborn maps (print and electronic versions) Colorado circa 1880 (a reproduction)

• • • • • • • LANG eng. English CAT DATE 08 03 2006 BCODE 3 SKIP 4 CAT LEVEL o. ORIGINAL COUNTRY wyu. Wyoming LOCATION map MAP LIBRARY ARL STATS d. MAPS/GLOBES MARC Leader #####nem 22#####Ia 4500 o 001 70825660 y 003 OCo. LC y 005 20060803015144. 0 y 007 aj canzn y 008 060803 s 2006 wyu a 1 eng d y 034 0 a y 040 COD|c. COD y 043 n us co y 049 COD$ y 052 4314|b. B 5 c 090 G 4314. B 5 E 635 2006|b. R 42 y 090 G 4314. B 5 E 635 2006|b. R 42 a 110 2 Resort Maps (Firm) t 245 1 4 The best of Boulder, Colorado : |b 2006 2007 /|c. Resortmaps. com e 255 Not drawn to scale p 260 [Cheyenne, Wyo. ] : |b. Resort Maps Inc. , |cc 2006 r 300 2 maps on 1 sheet : |bboth sides, col. ; |c 29 x 62 cm. and 45 x 33 cm. , sheet 43 x 64 cm n 500 Tourist maps with selected buildings shown pictorially n 500 Shows bus routes, bike lanes, and "things to do. " n 500 Includes indexed advertisements, 4 insets, and text n 505 0 [Downtown Boulder] [Boulder] d 651 0 Boulder (Colo. )|v. Maps, Tourist y 946 lw

• • • • • • LANG eng. English SKIP 0 LOCATION MARC Leader o 001 y 003 y 005 y 007 y 008 y 034 y 040 y 043 y 049 y 052 c 090 y 090 a 110 t 245 u 246 e 255 p 260 r 300 n 500 • • • n n n 500 500 • • n n 530 520 • n 590 • • d d u y 650 651 730 946 CAT DATE 08 16 2006 CAT LEVEL o. ORIGINAL map MAP LIBRARY #####cem 22#####Ia 4500 1 2 1 3 0 0 0 BCODE 3 COUNTRY ARL STATS nyu. New York d. MAPS/GLOBES 62147869 OCo. LC 20060816051217. 0 aj canzn 051025 s 1886 nyu a 0 eng d a|b 600 COD|c. COD|d. COD n us co COD$ 4314|b. B 5 G 4314. B 5 G 475 1886|b. S 3 Sanborn Map & Publishing Co Boulder, Col. [insurance map] /|c. Sanborn Map & Publishing Co. , Limited Boulder, Colorado Scale [ca. 1: 600] 50 ft. to an inch New York : |b. Sanborn Map & Publishing Co. , |c 1886 1 map on 4 sheets : |bcol. ; |csheets 64 x 54 cm Shows building construction by hand coloring, locations of windows and doors, and available water facilities Shows factories, commercial and religious occupancy of buildings, dwellings with property boundaries and house and block numbers "July 1886. " Microfilm edition known as: Sanborn fire insurance maps. Colorado Includes notes on population, water facilities, fire department, and prevailing winds Black and white version also available on microfilm Historic maps of neighborhoods, detailed at the block and building level, showing residential, commercial, and industrial uses of sites, building footprints, potential environmental hazards, and construction details of structures Sanborn maps may be viewed by appointment only. They do not circulate, and may not be photocopied. Digital photos are permitted Insurance, Fire|z. Colorado|z. Boulder|v. Maps Boulder (Colo. )|v. Maps Sanborn fire insurance maps. |p. Colorado lw

• • • • • LANG eng. English SKIP 0 LOCATION MARC Leader o 001 y 003 y 005 y 007 y 008 y 034 y 040 y 043 y 049 y 052 c 090 y 090 t 245 e 255 • • • p r n n n n 260 300 500 534 500 500 520 • • d d b y 651 650 710 946 CAT DATE 10 08 2001 CAT LEVEL m. MEMBER map MAP LIBRARY #####nem 22#####Ia 4500 1 1 0 0 0 2 BCODE 3 COUNTRY ARL STATS nyu. New York d. MAPS/GLOBES 41362473 OCo. LC 20011008151619. 0 aj aafzn 990514 r 19 uu 1880 nyud a 0 eng d a|b 1267200|d. W 1093600|e. W 1012400|f. N 0410000|g. N 0370000 CMI|c. CMI n us co COD$ 4310 G 4310 1880|b. C 6 19 Colorado circa 1880 Scale [ca. 1: 1, 267, 200]|c(W 109° 36ʹ W 101° 24ʹ/N 41° 00ʹ N 37° 00ʹ) Albany, N. Y. : |b. Jonathan Sheppard Books, |c[19 ] 1 map : |bfacsimile ; |c 38 x 56 cm. , on sheet 46 x 62 cm Relief shown by hachures Caption title |p. Original version: |c[S. l. : s. n. , 1880? ] Prime meridians: Greenwich and Washington Shows ranges and townships Facsimile reprint Map within decorative border Facsimile reprint of an 1880 [? ] map of Colorado, showing landforms, drainage, county boundaries, towns, railroads and other landmarks. Immediately adjacent portions of neighboring states and territories are also shown Colorado|v. Maps Railroads|z. Colorado|v. Maps Jonathan Sheppard Books neh

Further reading Links: • Map Cataloging Manual (from Library of Congress): http: //www. itsmarc. com/crs/map 0001. htm • OCLC Bibliographic Formats & Standards (MARC tags): http: //www. oclc. org/bibformats/default. htm • Geographic Area Codes (field 043): http: //www. loc. gov/marc/geoareas/ • U. S. States Coordinates (on MAGERT site): http: //www. ala. org/ala/magert/publicationsab/usa. htm • Road Map Date Codes (on WAML site): http: //www. waml. org/datecode. html • Map Librarian's Toolbox, Cataloging & Processing section. From the Western Association of Map Libraries (WAML). • Gazetteers: GNIS (for U. S. place names) and GEONet Names Server (for non U. S. place names) Texts: • Cartographic Materials: a manual of interpretation for AACR 2. 2 nd ed. (edited by Elizabeth U. Mangan. ) American Library Association, 2003. (Available also via Cataloger’s Desktop) • Larsgaard, Mary Lynette. Map Librarianship: an introduction. Libraries Unlimited, 1998. (3 rd ed. ) • Andrew, Paige G. Cataloging Sheet Maps: the basics. Haworth Information Press, 2003.

Resources Map Scale Indicators each USD $18. 00 (as of 2006) postage and packing included Order from: Clifford H. Wood, Ph. D Professor (Retired), Memorial University P. O. Box 225 Ilderton, Ontario CANADA N 0 M 2 A 0 tel. : 519 666 3282 net: cliffordwood_91@sympatico. ca

Resources Degrees, Minutes, and Seconds symbols in OCLC: • For degrees, use the “degree sign” (not superscript zero) • For minutes, use “miagkii znak” • For seconds, use “tverdyi znak”

Thanks to • • • Susan Moore Mary Larsgaard Paige Andrew Christopher J. J. Thiry and The Cat in the Hat