Introduction to Logic Models OUTCOMES INPUTS ACTIVITIES OUTPUTS
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Introduction to Logic Models OUTCOMES INPUTS ACTIVITIES OUTPUTS SHORTTERM MEDIUMTERM LONG-TERM Optional Session The Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network is supported by Cooperative Agreement Number 3 U 48 DP 005017 -01 S 8 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Prevention Research Centers Program and the National Cancer Institute. The content of this curriculum is based upon findings and experiences of workgroup members and does not necessarily represent the official position of the funders.
Session Objectives • Identify the basic components of a logic model • Discuss the difference between inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes • Describe key benefits of using logic models in program planning, implementation, and evaluation • Practice building a logic model
Logic Models • Simplified graphic depiction of a program, initiative, or strategy • Relationship map of: – Resources invested – Planned activities – Benefits or changes that result • Demonstrates theory of change • Useful in program planning, management, and communicating with partners
Purpose of Logic Models • Clearly convey program goals • Outline necessary resources and proposed activities • Identify gaps in program logic and clarify assumptions • Communicate roles and contributions from stakeholders and partners
Basic Components Inputs Activities Planned Work Outputs Outcomes Intended Results Impact
Series of ‘if-then’ Relationships Underlying a logic model is a series of ‘if-then’ relationships that express the program’s theory of change Inputs If we have these resources… Activities We can do this. . . Outputs Which will produce this… Outcomes Which will lead to these… Impact Then these…. Planned Work Intended Results
Simple Example Inputs Activities Outputs Outcomes Money Eat Food Blood Sugar Rises Feel Better Food
Using Logic Models • Program Planning and Design – Links investments to activities – Helps ensure program goals and objectives are feasible • Program Implementation and Management – Explains, tracks, and monitors operations and processes – Connects resources, activities, and outcomes • Communication – Overview of how you will achieve desired outcomes – Graphically depicts who is involved and what they contribute • Evaluation – Determines what to evaluate – Focus on what data to collect when
Any Size or Type Program, Initiative, or Strategy
Many Variations and Types • Nested • Detailed • Storyboarding Logic models should: • Be depicted in a single image • Be readable from left to right
Logic Model Terminology INPUTS ACTIVITIES OUTCOMES OUTPUTS Short Mid Long
Inputs: What We Invest • Human – Staff, time, partnerships • Financial – Funding, “in-kind” • Organizational – Infrastructure (in-direct) • Community – Assets
Activities: What We Do • • • Develop products or resources Form coalitions or partnerships Teach, train, deliver services Assess/monitor Market or advocate
Outputs: What We Produce • Tangible products that can be measured or counted • Examples: – Numbers or levels of output • • Classes taught Gardens established Policies enacted Articles published – Audience reached • Policy-makers engaged • Communities adopting • People participating
Outcomes • Short-term – Direct results or benefits of the program – Can be seen at multiple levels of the social ecological model • Mid-term – Changes typically denoted in 3 -5 years • Long-term – Demonstrate ultimate impact, 6 -10 year changes
Example Outcomes Short-term Mid-term Long-term Increase Knowledge Change in Practice Lower Incidence of Illness Adapted from: University of Wisconsin-Extension, Program Development and Evaluation
Activity: Building a Logic Model • Start building each component of a logic model • Think about a specific program • Use the logic model handout OUTCOMES INPUTS ACTIVITIES OUTPUTS SHORTTERM MEDIUMTERM LONG-TERM
Putting It All Together Logic Model Example for Program (General) INPUTS ACTIVITIES OUTPUTS • Staff • Volunteers • Time • Money • Research base • Materials • Equipment • Technology • Partners • Conduct workshops • Deliver services • Develop products • Create curriculums • Train • Consult • Assess • Facilitate • Partner • Number of workshops • Number of clients served • Number of classes held • Number of persons trained • Increased capacity • Partnerships developed OUTCOMES Short: Awareness Knowl edge Attitu des Mid: Behavior Practi ce Long: Social Econ omic Enviro nment Health
Putting It All Together, cont. Logic Model Example for Policy (General) INPUTS • Problems • Solutions • Politics • Administrative structures • Staff for advocacy • Partners ACTIVITIES • Prioritize problems • Hold workshops about policy • Engage policymaker champions • Enact legislation • Create taskforce • Monitor effects of policy OUTPUTS • Number of media hits • Number of marketing materials created • Number of policy endorsements • Number of communities/ agencies adopting policy • Number of people reached by policy • Policies enacted • Taskforce created OUTCOMES Short: Mid: Long: Policy/ Environmental Changes (increased access, sales, etc. ) Behavior Uninten ded Social Econom ic Environ consequences ment Health
Check Points Meaningful: Valued and worth doing Plausible: Makes sense Doable: Can be carried out Measurable: Can be verified Adapted from University of Wisconsin-Extension, Program Development and Evaluation
What to Avoid • • Working alone Using logic models that are overly complex or burdensome Focusing on outcomes without adequate attention to inputs, activities, and outputs Allowing it to become ‘fixed’ rather than a revisable, living document Adapted from: University of Wisconsin-Extension, Program Development and Evaluation
Take Home Points • Logic models serve as a roadmap to help ensure your program reaches its intended outcomes – Can come in many formats – Should be clear and understandable – Should display the program theory through logical linkages • Time and practice are required – the more you do logic models, the better you will become!
Questions?
References • W. K. Kellogg Foundation. (2004). Logic Model Development Guide. https: //www. wkkf. org/resource-directory/resource/2006/02/wk-kelloggfoundation-logic-model-development-guide. Accessed April 7, 2016. • University of Wisconsin-Extension, Cooperative Extension (2008). Building capacity in evaluating outcomes: A teaching and facilitating resource for community-based programs and organizations. Madison, WI: UWExtension, Program Development and Evaluation.
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