Introduction to Line Follower Robots Prepared by Shamik
Introduction to Line Follower Robots Prepared by: Shamik Roy BUET CSE’ 11
Our Mission �Learn how to make a line follower robot �Participate in robotics competitions as much as possible �Secure top positions
That’s it? ? ?
Our Vision �Learn advanced techniques �Invent something new �Convey what you gain to your juniors �Develop a robotics culture
What is a line follower robot? �Simply follows the line LFR Source/Destination Line
Goal �Solve a maze Black lines on while surface White lines on black surface
Goal �Solve a grid Grid solver
What actually “solve” means? �Traverse the whole arena �Calculate the shortest path �Return to the starting point following the shortest path
Wait…. “Shortest path”? ? ? No hurry We will learn it well
Major parts of a simple LFR Wheels Sensors Control Circuits Arduino Power Circuits Motor Driver Battery Motor Wheels
Major parts of a simple LFR � Sensors � Black and white surface detecting sensors � Line detection sensors(LRD or IR sensors) � Obstacle detection sensors(IR proximity sensors, sonar sensors) � Motor � Dc motors � 12 V or 6 V � High torque � Power � 12 V-16 V � High m. Ah rating � CPU � Microcontroller � Arduino
How all these interact? �Continuously checks sensor readings �CPU processes the sensor readings and takes decisions �Performs specific actions(ex: take turns)
Carefully choose your equipment
Arduino MEGA Arduino UNO
Motors � 2 types frequently used �Micro-metal gear motor �Plastic gear motor
Motors �Micro-metal gear motors �High speed �High torque �Long life �Comparatively costly �Recommended
Motors �Plastic gear motor �Cheap �Low speed �Low torque �Short life �Not recommended
Motors �One important thing �Torque �What is Torque? � High level concept: How much load the motor can drive �We need powerful ones. Right? � Check the Torque before buying motors
Wheels Choose any of these for micro-metal gear motor
Wheels Choose this one for plastic gear motor
Caster balls �Never buy these
Caster balls �Always use lightweight caster balls
Batteries �Must be of 12 v-16 v �Choose the batteries with high m. Ah rating �Mainly 2 types are used �Lithium polymer (Li. Po) batteries �Mobile phone batteries
Lithium polymer (Li. Po) �Advantages �Compact �Easy to charge(chargers available) �Various m. Ah ratings �Tradeoffs �Costly �Comparatively heavy
Mobile phone batteries �Advantages �Lightweight �Comparatively cheap �Sufficient m. Ah rating �Tradeoffs �Need to assemble(soldering) �Not compact
More on mobile phone batteries �Generally of 3. 7 volts � 3 batteries are needed to be connected in series to get 3. 7 x 3=11. 1 volts � 4 batteries are needed to be connected in series to get 3. 7 x 4=14. 8 volts
Keep in mind about batteries �Decide which of the two is suitable for your purpose �Must buy batteries with high m. Ah(milliamp. hour) rating �Why high m. Ah(milliamp. hour) rating? ? �Ex: A battery with a capacity rating of 1000 m. Ah could deliver a current of 1000 m. A for one hour. Higher m. Ah ratings for the same battery type will generally mean longer run times. �We obviously need better run time
Next class �Sensors in details � 17 th March, 2016 (Thursday) � 2 pm �Room 206 -207, CSE wing, ECE building, BUET. �Things to bring �All the equipment
Acknowledgements �Some images are taken from “BWCSE robotics workshop-2015” materials �Some pictures are taken from internet �The brand names in the products shown in the slides are used only as example not any advertisement issue
Thanks for your concentration
Prepared for �Robotics workshop-2016 organized by BWCSE �All the materials will be available at: https: //bwcse. wordpress. com/
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