Introduction to IT Infrastructure and Software Development Centre

Introduction to IT Infrastructure and Software Development Centre for Information Technology YASHADA

Agenda � IT Infrastructure for e-Governance � Guidelines for developing any e-Governance Application � Issues and Challenges in e-Governance � e-enablement of Services

Typical IT Infrastructure for e. Governance � Routers � Switches � Modem � Links (Wi. Fi, Ethernet, Satellite, Broadband) � Firewalls � Servers, Desktops, Laptops, Tablets, Mobiles, Thin Clients � Operating Systems � Databases � Applications � Portals � Scanners, Printers � Data Centres

Your Data Centre � Data Centres are specialized environments that safeguard your organization's most valuable equipment and intellectual property. � Data Centres house the devices that do the following: ◦ ◦ ◦ Process your transactions Host your website Process and store your intellectual property Maintain your financial records Route your e-mails

Date Centre = Brain of your organisation � Your ability to: � How to: ◦ ◦ Perceive the world (data connectivity) Communicate (e-mail) Remember information (data storage) Have new ideas (research and development) ◦ Secure the brain ◦ Help it function efficiently ◦ Develop its full potential

What do you need to know? � Physical design and construction of a Data Centre � How to organise and manage your Data Centre effectively so downtime is minimized, troubleshooting is easier and the room’s infrastructure is fully used � So, how much is acceptable to spend on the construction of your Data Centre? You need to know the value of what your Data Centre is protecting

Data Centre is � Large group of networked computer servers typically used by organisations for the remote storage, processing or distribution of large amount of data � Centralised storage of information � Email hosting � SMS Gateway � Payment Gateway � Connectivity through SWAN (State Wide Area Network)

Data Centre Components �Basic Data Centre facility systems: ◦ Physical space ◦ Raised flooring ◦ In-room electrical ◦ Standby power ◦ Data cabling ◦ Cooling ◦ Fire suppression etc.

Data Centre Services � Hardware installation and maintenance � Managed Power distribution � Backup power systems � Data backup and archiving � Managed load balancing � Controlled internet access � Managed e-mail and messaging � Managed user authentication and authorization

� Diverse firewalls and anti-malware programs � Continuous & efficient technical support � Central Repository of the Data � Secure Data Storage � Disaster Recovery � Remote Management and Service Integration

Hosting Services Offered Virtual Instance Encourage Dedicated Servers Dept. brings hardware Don’t Do

Benefits � Collaboration ◦ Accessibility – Anytime Anywhere ◦ Dept. can focus in their core sector ◦ Dept. need not be IT Experts � Lower Costs ◦ Lower Physical Resources ◦ Operational Cost � Quickness ◦ ◦ Eliminate procurement process Less Time to provision Efficient Utilization No Downtime

Any Online e-Governance Application should be � Perceivable - Information & User Interface must be presentable to users in ways they can recognize � Operable - User interface components and navigation must be operable � Understandable - Information and the operation of user interface must be understandable � Robust - Content must be strong enough that it can be interpreted constantly by a wide variety of user agents: web browsers

Website Development Guidelines � Government of India Identifiers � Website needs to be Bilingual i. e. Marathi and English. By default, the webpage should open in Marathi language. � Website should be developed with gov. in or maharashtra. gov. in extension � Website should run independent of IP Address i. e. IP Addresses should be not be hard coded in the source code

� Website should be IPv 6 compliant � Website should be able to open in all six ways. For example ◦ ◦ ◦ https: //www. maharashtra. gov. in http: //www. maharashtra. gov. in https: //maharashtra. gov. in http: //maharashtra. gov. in

� Website should be running on SSL i. e. http request should automatically get redirected to https � Website should be compatible to run on multi server environment for load sharing � Website should be compatible for accessibility from any device, any Operating System and any browser

� CAPTCHA should be present for web pages with form field such as feedback form, registration form etc. � Password should not be hardcoded in any website configuration files or stored in plain text � Website/Application needs to be Security Audited by the Cert-In empanelled Security Auditors

� Title tag � Accessibility Options (Web Pages allow resizing of text without the use of assistive technology)

� Terms and Conditions � Contact us � Help section � Site map � Last updated on date � Consistent navigation scheme � Search box

� No broken Links � Electronic commerce transactions handled through secure means

�Alternate text is provided for images / audio or video clips �Use of Cascading Style Sheets �Functionality of content is operable through keyboard

�Clear indication when a link leads out to a non government website �Pages in multiple languages are updated simultaneously �Tested on multiple browsers �Use of Metadata for pages like title, keywords, description and language is appropriately included

�Website should have following policies prominently displayed on the Home Page ◦ ◦ ◦ Copyright Policy Hyperlinking Policy Privacy Policy Content Archival Policy Content Review Policy Content Contribution, Moderation & Approval Policy

Sample Hyperlinking Policy Links to external websites/portals � At many places in this website, you shall find links to other websites/portals. The links have been placed for your convenience. Deit. Y is not responsible for the contents and reliability of the linked websites and does not necessarily endorse the views expressed in them. Mere presence of the link or its listing on this Portal should not be assumed as endorsement of any kind. We cannot guarantee that these links will work all the time and we have no control over availability of linked pages. Links to Deit. Y-Website by other websites � We do not object to you linking directly to the information that is hosted on this site and no prior permission is required for the same. However, we would like you to inform us about any links provided to this Portal so that you can be informed of any changes or updations therein. Also, we do not permit our pages to be loaded into frames on your site. The pages belonging to this site must load into a newly opened browser window of the User.

Sample Privacy Policy Deit. Y-Website does not automatically capture any specific personal information from you, (like name, phone number or e-mail address), that allows us to identify you individually. If the Deit. Y-Website requests you to provide personal information, you will be informed for the particular purposes for which the information is gathered and adequate security measures will be taken to protect your personal information. We do not sell or share any personally identifiable information volunteered on the Deit. Y-Website to any third party (public/private). Any information provided to this website will be protected from loss, misuse, unauthorized access or disclosure, alteration, or destruction. We gather certain information about the User, such as Internet protocol (IP) addresses, domain name, browser type, operating system, the date and time of the visit and the pages visited. We make no attempt to link these addresses with the identity of individuals visiting our site unless an attempt to damage the site has been detected.

Sample Copyright Policy Material featured on this Portal may be reproduced free of charge after taking proper permission by sending a mail to us. However, the material has to be reproduced accurately and not to be used in a derogatory manner or in a misleading context. Wherever the material is being published or issued to others, the source must be prominently acknowledged. However, the permission to reproduce this material shall not extend to any material which is identified as being copyright of a third party. Authorisation to reproduce such material must be obtained from the departments/copyright holders concerned.

�Hosting provider should provide 24 x 7 service with: ◦ disaster recovery ◦ helpdesk support ◦ intrusion prevention ◦ regular backups

e-Governance websites in a Nutshell. . � All websites and Web-based applications will comply with Website design guidelines issued from time to time by Govt of India, should work across various browsers and operating systems, should have proper security certifications, and should follow Web Accessibility Guidelines, ver 2. 0 Level A compliance.

� Government departments are empowered to ensure that their websites become and remain User-Centric, User-friendly, and Universally Accessible � GIGW guidelines are technology neutral, so can be adopted by websites built using any technology � These guidelines deal with not only the entire lifecycle of websites, but also backend processes such as the policies & workflows for smooth operations

Issues & Challenges � Technical � Privacy � Security � Social � Infrastructure � Accessibility � Usability and acceptance � Economic � Legal � Other

Technical Issues � IT infrastructure is the backbone of e. Governance � Interoperability with existing software and hardware platforms is a key success factor � Finally, some legal aspect, like security and privacy, must be considered, as personal data is processed and stored, and financial transitions must be executed

Privacy Issues � Citizens’ concern on privacy of their life and confidentiality of the personal data need to be technically supported � Privacy and confidentiality has to be highly valued in establishing and maintaining websites � An ideal Cyber policy and strict appliance of it is the backbone for citizen’s support

Security Issues � The financial transaction demands for transactional security � An ideal Cyber Security Policy will ensure the existence of a sound and secure egovernance and critical infrastructure base

Social Issues � Acceptance and usability by a large variety of people make e-governance successful � The interface must be usable by rich or poor, disabled or elderly people, understandable by low literacy or non-native language people, etc.

Infrastructure Issues � Social, geographical and economical disparity issues have to be removed and proper infrastructure is required to establish egovernance � The ICT facilities need to be developed and should be available to one and all citizens � Internet connection through satellite, phone lines or through cable or Television should be accessible for all especially to the people in rural areas

Accessibility Issues � Any service should be accessible by anybody from anywhere at anytime � Even if Internet population is growing in India, still there is a significant portion of the people who may not be able to access services for various reasons like limited access to ICT technologies and devices, low literacy, or phobia for Computer etc.

Usability & Acceptance Issues � People especially in rural areas are often not expert users, and need guidance and support for their transaction � Governmental websites must be user friendly, to be more effective � A reconceptualization of government services is mandatory for successful implementation and to get social acceptance

Economic issues � E-governance means less interaction with government servants, it will be helpful in reducing corruption � Economical issues are mainly concerned with return of investment � Cost of implementation, operational and maintenance must be low enough to guarantee a good cost/benefit ratio

Legal issues � Strong and effective rules related with IT has to be formulated and strongly implemented � This assumes the adoption and use of security measures, more particularly, empowering and training law enforcement manpower, with the knowledge and use of cyber forensics and digital evidence

Other issues � Underutilization of existing ICT infrastructure � Lack of coordination between Government Departments and Solution developers � Resistance to re-engineering of departmental processes is also a challenge, but this approach is changing now

e-enablement of Services � e-enablement ◦ ◦ ◦ of services shall include: information availability submission of online forms online processing and payments online verification online status tracking and online availability of services � State Government shall mandate Interoperability and use of open standards in all e-Governance projects in the state

� The State shall create a checklist taking into account the use of BPR, standardization, integration with UID etc. � A data inventory also will be setup for sharing of data vertically and horizontally among Government agencies and to avoid duplication of work � The use of official e-mail shall be encouraged in all state government departments and offices of elected representatives

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