Introduction to Information and Computer Technology RAO MUHAMMAD

Introduction to Information and Computer Technology RAO MUHAMMAD UMER LECTURER, DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER & IT, THE UNIVERSITY OF LAHORE.

Discovering Computers 2009 Introduction to Information Systems CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO computers

Chapter 1 Objectives Recognize the importance of computer literacy Identify the various types of software Define the term computer and identify its components Explain why a computer is a powerful tool Describe the categories of computers Determine how the elements of an information system interact Recognize the purpose of a network Discuss the uses of the Internet and the World Wide Web Identify the various types of computer users Discuss computer applications in society Recognize the difference between installing and running a program Next

A World of Computers What is computer literacy? Ø Ø Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses Computers are everywhere Very true ! p. 1. 03 Fig. 1 -1 Next

What Is a Computer? How is a computer defined? Ø An extremely fast electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory which processes data into useful information. http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Computer Accepts data Raw facts, figures, and symbols Processes data into information Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful Produces and stores results p. 1. 04 Next

What Is a Computer? What is the information processing cycle? Ø Ø Ø Input Process Output Storage Communication p. 1. 04 Fig. 1 -2 Next

The Components of a Computer What is an input device? Ø Hardware used to enter data and instructions p. 7 Fig. 1 -3 Next

The Components of a Computer What is an output device? Ø Hardware that conveys information to one or more people Which devices are both input & output ? (Modem, sound card) p. 8 Fig. 1 -3 Next

The Components of a Computer What is the system unit? Ø Case containing electronic components used to process data p. 8 Fig. 1 -3 Next

Newer tech: Apple i. Phone 3 G (July 11, 2008) http: //www. apple. com/iphone/ Cost: $199. 00 Video: http: //www. cnettv. com/9742 -1_53 -27806. html http: //www. apple. com/iphone/features/wireless. html

The Components of a Computer What are two main components on the motherboard? Central Processing Unit (CPU) Also called a microprocessor ALU & Control Unit Carries out instructions that tell computer what to do Memory Temporary holding place for data and instructions p. 1. 06 Next

The Components of a Computer What is storage? Ø Holds data, instructions, and information for future use (RAM vs Hard Disk Drive) Storage media Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored Storage device Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium p. 1. 06 Next

Much Older Storage Tech What is a floppy diskette (1. 44 MB)? Ø Ø Thin, circular, flexible disk enclosed in rigid plastic shell A Zip® disk looks similar but has much greater storage capability p. 1. 06 Fig. 1 -4 Next

The Components of a Computer What is a hard disk (Capacity: 1 TB)? Ø Ø Provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk, flash drive or Zip® disk (750 MB) Housed inside the system unit p. 1. 07 Fig. 1 -5 Next

The Components of a Computer What is a USB or U 3 flash drive? > 100 Gigabytes of storage Ø Ø Provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or Zip® disk Small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket. Sometimes called a “thumb drive” p. 9 Fig. 1 -5 Next

The Components of a Computer What is a compact disc? (CDs & DVDs) Ø Flat, round, portable metal disc § § § § p. 1. 07 Fig. 1 -6 CD-ROM CD-R, CD-RW DVD-ROM DVD+R, DVD-R DVD+RW DVD-RAM HD, Blu-Ray Next

The Components of a Computer What is miniature storage media? Digital cameras Portable, thin memory cards used in: p. 1. 07 Handheld computers Next

Why Is a Computer Powerful? What makes a computer powerful? Storage Reliability Accuracy p. 1. 08 Speed Communications Next

Advantages & Disadvantages of Computers What are the disadvantages of using computers? p. 10 - 11 Violation of Privacy Impact on Labor Force Health Risks Impact on Environment Next

Networks and the Internet What is a network? Ø Collection of computers and devices connected together Communications Device Enables a connection between computers Communications Media Satellites Cables Telephone lines Cellular radio One type is a modem p. 1. 08 Next

Networks and the Internet What are the reasons to network? To share Resources Hardware devices p. 1. 08 Software programs To save Data time Information and money Next

Networks and the Internet What is a server? Ø Manages the resources on a network Ø A client accesses the resources on the server p. 1. 08 Fig. 1 -7 Next

Networks and the Internet What is the Internet? Ø Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of computers. The world’s largest WAN p. 1. 09 Fig. 1 -8 Next

Networks and the Internet What is the Web? Ø Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet A Web site is a collection of related Web pages You can share information on a social networking Web site or a photo sharing community A Web page contains text, graphics, audio, video, and links to other Web pages p. 12 - 14 A podcast is recorded audio stored on a Web site that can be downloaded A blog consists of timestamped articles in a journal format Next

Networks and the Internet Why do users access the Internet? 1. Communications 2. Information 3. Shopping 4. Banking and Investing 5. Classes 6. Entertainment p. 1. 10 Fig. 1 -9 Next

Networks and the Internet What is the World Wide Web (WWW)? Ø Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet A Web site is a collection of related Web pages p. 1. 11 Fig. 1 -10 A Web page contains text, graphics, sound, video, and links to other Web pages You can share information by creating Web pages or posting photos on a photo community Next

The World Wide Web

Computer Software How do you install a software program? Ø A program is a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do Step 1. Step 2. Instruct Insert the program disc into the CD-ROM drive the computer to run the program Step 3. The program executes p. 1. 12 Fig. 1 -12 Next

Computer Software (Windows is a GUI) What is a graphical user interface (GUI)? Ø Ø Allows you to interact with the software using graphics and icons Controls how you enter data and how the screen displays information p. 1. 12 Fig. 1 -13 Next

Computer Software (OS & Utilities) What is system software? Ø Programs that control the operations of the computer and its devices Operating System (OS) is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software p. 1. 13 Utility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs Next

Computer Software (Applications Software) What is application software? Ø Programs that perform specific tasks for users § Suite Popular software applications bundled together as a single unit Word Processing Spreadsheet Database Presentation Graphics Click to view Web Link, then click Application Software below Chapter 1 p. 1. 14 Fig. 1 -14 Next

Microsoft Office 2007 Access 2007 Communicator 2007 (Communicate thru different time zones…) Excel 2007 Groove 2007 (Collaboration software) Info. Path 2007 (Deploy electronic forms solutions) One. Note 2007 (Digital notebook…) Outlook 2007 Power. Point 2007 Project 2007 (Project management…) Publisher 2007 (Desktop publishing…) Share. Point Designer 2007 (Automate business processes…) Visio 2007 (Flowcharting…) Word 2007

Computer Software HTML/Javascript program What is a programmer? Ø Someone who develops application or system software § Programmer writes instructions to direct computer to process data into information p. 1. 15 Fig. 1 -15 Resulting Internet application Next

Categories of Computers What are the categories of computers? Personal Computers (desktop) Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Game Consoles Servers Mainframes Supercomputers Embedded Computers p. 19 Next

Personal Computers What are the two most popular series of personal computers? Ø PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system p. 1. 17 Figs. 1 -17– 1 -18 Ø Apple Macintosh uses the Macintosh operating system Mac OS X Leopard Next

Personal Computers What is a desktop computer? Ø Designed so all of the components fit on or under a desk or table p. 1. 17 Fig. 1 -19 Next

Personal Computers What is a notebook computer? Ø Ø Ø Portable, small enough to fit on your lap Also called a laptop Generally more expensive than a desktop computer p. 1. 18 Fig. 1 -20 Next

Handheld Computers What is a tablet PC? Ø Ø Ø Resembles a letter-sized slate Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen Especially useful for taking notes p. 20 Fig. 1 -21 Next

Handheld Computers What is a handheld computer? Small enough to fit in your hand p. 1. 19 Used by mobile employees such as meter readers and delivery people Next

Handheld Computers What are Web-enabled handheld computers? Ø Ø Allow you to check e-mail and access the Internet Web-enabled telephone is a “smart phone” p. 1. 19 Fig. 1 -24 Next

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What is a handheld computer? Small enough to fit in one hand p. 21 Used by mobile employees such as meter readers and delivery people Next

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)? Ø Provides personal organizer functions § § § p. 21 Fig. 1 -20 Calendar Appointment book Address book Calculator Notepad Stylus is used as pointing device (or finger) Next

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What are smart phones? A smart phone is an Internet-enabled telephone that usually provides PDA capabilities p. 22 Fig. 1 -21 Next

Embedded Computers What is an embedded computer? Ø A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product. Some new cars have up to 100 microprocessors on board. ( Raises the possibility of Car viruses ? ? ? ) p. 24 Fig. 1 -26 Next

Servers, Mainframes, & Supercomputers What types of servers are there? Midrange server Powerful, large computer that supports up to a few thousand computers; controls access to network resources. Mainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of computers Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations p. 1. 20 and 1. 21 Figs. 1 -25– 1 -27 Next

Supercomputers (IBM, Cray) Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations; Can store 20, 000 times more data than a PC IBM Blue Gene/L 135. 3 Teraflops (Trillion floating point operations / second Very near future: 270 Teraflops 65, 536 microprocessors OS: Linux Weight: > 100 tons p. 1. 20 and 1. 21 Figs. 1 -25– 1 -27 Next

New IBM Supercomputer for 2011 New Supercomputer ! IBM’s new Blue Waters will be able to perform 1, 000 trillion calculations per second (that’s a quadrillion) It would take a tower of laptop computers 1. 5 miles high to match the power of this new supercomputer. p. 1. 20 and 1. 21 Figs. 1 -25– 1 -27 Next

Supercomputer Applications A supercomputer is able to solve complex problems in science, engineering, the environment, industry, finance, and national security from the atomic to the cosmic level. It can model the activity of electrons in an atom, and simulate the birth and death of the universe.

Elements of an Information System What are information system elements? Ø Ø Ø People Procedures Data Software Hardware Step 1. People develop procedures for processing data Step 2. People use software to enter data into computer (hardware) Step 3. Software processes data and directs hardware to store and or output information p. 1. 22 Fig. 1 -28 Next

Examples of Computer Usage What are five categories of computer users? Home Large Business p. 1. 23 Fig. 1 -29 Small Office/ Home Office (SOHO) Mobile Power Next

Computer Applications in Society What are some examples of computer applications in society? Ø Ø Ø Ø Education Finance Government Healthcare Science Publishing Travel Industry p. 1. 31 Figs. 1 -42– 1 -49 Next

Summary of Introduction to Computers The importance of computer literacy Types of software The computer and its components Categories of computers Why is a computer so powerful? Elements of an information system What is a network? The Internet and the World Wide Web Types of computer users Computer applications in society Installing and running a program Chapter 1 Complete