Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software

Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a This material (Comp 4_Unit 4 a) was developed by OHSU, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number IU 24 OC 000015.

Computer Software Learning Objectives • • • Define application vs. system software. (Lecture a) Give examples of application software focusing on healthcare systems. (Lecture a) Describe the functions of system software. (Lecture b) List different types of operating systems. (Lecture b) Explain the purpose and usage of file systems. (Lecture c) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 2

Software • Collection of programs and data that tell the computer what to do – Made up of instructions – Allows users to interact with the computer • Two types of software – Application – System Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 3

Application Software • Available in different forms – Packaged – Custom – Web application – Open source – Shareware – Freeware – Public domain software Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 4

Application Software Categories • • Business Science and Mathematics Graphics and Multimedia Home/Personal Use Communications Artificial Intelligence Healthcare Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 5

Business/Home Software Word Processing • Produces documents • Has powerful features – – – – Auto-correct Spell-check Grammar-check Mail merge Tracking changes Tables Templates Web page development • Examples – – Microsoft® Word Open. Office™ Writer Corel® Word. Perfect Google Docs (hacktolive. org, 2008, GNU GPL) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 6

Business/Home Software Spreadsheets • Organizes data into columns and rows • Performs calculations on the data • Can use formulas and functions for calculations • Can generate graphs and charts of data • Examples – – – Microsoft® Excel Lotus® I-2 -3 Corel® Quattro-Pro Google Docs Open. Office™ Calc (hacktolive. org, 2008, GNU GPL) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 7

Business/Home Software Presentation Software • Creates visual aids for a presentation • Developed as a series of slides • Can include images, tables, graphs • Can include animations, automatic transitions • Examples – Microsoft ® Power. Point – Open. Office ® Impress – Apple Keynote (hacktolive. org, 2008, GNU GPL) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 8

Business Software Project Management Software • Plans and schedules events, resources, and costs of a project • Keeps track of deadlines and deliverables • Examples – Microsoft® Project – Fast. Track Schedule 10 – SEER-SEM® (Hubertson, 2009, CC BY 3. 0) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 9

Science and Mathematics • Number-crunching software • Runs models and works with large amounts of data • Examples: – – IBM SPSS Statistics 20 Gretl Matlab® Mathematica ® Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 (GNU GPL, 2006) Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 10

Graphics and Multimedia Software: Desktop Publishing • Professional software used to produce highquality print documents such as textbooks, brochures, and catalogs • Assists with the layout, colors, and graphics • Produces very high resolution output that is suitable for printing • Adobe® Page. Maker ®, Adobe® Frame. Maker ®, Microsoft ® Publisher, Scribus Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 11

Desktop Publishing Example (Manske, 2011, GNU GPL) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 12

Graphics and Multimedia Software • Image-editing, photo-editing, and paint software (professional) – Image-editing software adds the ability to modify existing images and pictures – Photo-editing software is a type of image editing software that allows users to edit and customize digital photographs • Adobe Photoshop®, GIMP, Inkscape – Paint software allows graphic artists to draw pictures and shapes Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 13

Image Editing Example (Emc 2, 2011, GNU GPL) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 14

Graphics and Multimedia Software • Video-editing Software – Can modify a segment of video called a clip – Can delete, reorder, add special effects to clips • Examples – Adobe Premiere® Elements – Pinnacle Studio™ – Open. Shot Video Editor™ (Jon. Oomp 2009, GNU GPL) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 15

Communications Software • Many different types – – – – Email IM FTP Web browsers Vo. IP Blogs Wikis (Old Marcus, 2010, MPL 1. 1) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 16

Artificial Intelligence • Artificial intelligence is using computing to approximate human intelligence • Involves – – – – Reasoning and deduction Knowledge Representation and Retrieval Natural Language Processing Perception Learning Planning Motion Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 17

Artificial Intelligence Applications • • • Expert systems Voice recognition Robots Email Spam filtering Video games Automated online help (Raysonho, 2011, CC BY 3. 0) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 18

Healthcare Software • Many different types – – – – EHRs and EMRs Health Information Systems Expert Systems/Decision Support Systems Medical Office Management Systems Patient Registries Imaging Telemedicine Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 19

Examples of EHRs • Epic. Care’s EHR system - http: //www. epic. com/softwareindex. php • General Electric’s Centricity Enterprise EHR system https: //www 2. gehealthcare. com/portal/site/usen/gehchome/ • The Veteran Administration (VA) Vist. A (Veterans Health Information Systems and Technology Architecture) http: //www. ehealth. va. gov/EHEALTH/CPRS_demo. asp Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 20

Vist. A (US Department of VA, 2007, PD-US) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 21

Expert Systems • IBM Watson will be used for decision making in healthcare • Dx. Plain (Massachusetts General Hospital) provides diagnosis support and disease reference • MYCIN (Stanford) provided support for bacteria identification and antibiotic recommendations Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 22

Medical Office Management Systems (Miller, 2009, GNU GPL) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 23

Medical Imaging (alchueyr, 2010, GNU GPL)) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 24

Telemedicine • Clinical medicine where consultations and procedures are managed remotely (Mco 44, 2008, PD-US). Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 25

Software Components • Code – Programming statements/instructions that make the program work – Example: the. exe file run by a user • Files – Data stored on disk that is used by a program – Example: the. doc files that Microsoft® Word uses • Database – Stores and retrieves data – Example: EMRs store data in a database Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 26

Different Hardware Needs • High-resolution graphics and video software (including audio) – Good graphics card with its own memory – Fast processor with large RAM – Good monitor – Good speakers – Large secondary storage • Data intensive applications – Fast processor with large RAM – Large secondary storage • Software specs list minimum hardware requirements Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 27

How to Install/Uninstall • Installing software depends on how it is received – Purchase an install disk—put in drive and it will install – Download—run downloaded installer • Uninstalling – Add/Remove Programs on the control panel menu (Windows) – Drag icon to the trash (Mac) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 28

Ethical Considerations • Software that isn’t open source or public domain has a copyright • Most software has a license – Allows user to install one instance – Read license to see if it allows more – Cannot distribute copies to friends Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 29

Computer Software Summary - Lecture a • Software makes computers useful • Two types of software – Application – System • Application software is vast and varied – Many types – Available in different forms Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 30

Computer Software References – Lecture a References • Barnett GO, Cimino JJ, Hupp JA, Hoffer EP. (1987). DXplain. An evolving diagnostic support system. JAMA. , 258(1), 67 - 74. • Evans A, Martin K, Poatsey MA (2010). Chapter 4: Application Software: Programs That Let You Work and Play. In: Technology in Action: Complete. 7 th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. • Gretl [Webpage]. [updated 2011 Oct 17; cited 2011 Nov 11]. Available from: http: //gretl. sourceforge. net/ • IBM Systems and Technology. Watson--A System Designed for Answers. (2011, February). Retrieved from the IBM Corporation website: http: //public. dhe. ibm. com/common/ssi/ecm/en/pow 03061 usen/POW 03061 USEN. PDF. • Inkscape [Webpage]. [updated 2011 Nov 11; cited 2011 Nov 12]. Available from: http: //inkscape. org/ • Morley Deborah, Parker Charles S. (2010). Chapter 5: Application Software. In: Understanding Computers Today and Tomorrow. 12 th ed. Boston: Course Technology. • Mozilla Thunderbird Project [Webpage]. [updated 2011 Nov 12; cited 2011 Nov 12]. Available from: http: //www. mozilla. org/projects/thunderbird. • Mycin [Webpage]. [updated 2011 Nov 8; cited 2011 Nov 11]. Available from: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Mycin. • Open. Office. org: The Free and Open Productivity Suite. 2011; [updated 2011 Oct 14; cited 2011 Nov 11]. Available from: http: //www. openoffice. org/. • Scribus [Webpage]. [updated 2011 Nov 12; cite 2011 Nov 12]. Available from: http: //www. scribus. net/canvas/Scribus • SEER-SEM [Webpage]. [updated 2011 Nov 12; cited 2011 Nov 12]. Available from: http: //www. galorath. com/index. php/products/software/C 5/. • Shelley GB, Vermaat ME (2010). Chapter 3: Application Software. In: Discovering Computers 2011: Introductory. 1 st ed. Boston: Course Technology. • Open. Shot [Webpage]. [updated 2011 Oct 16; cited 2011 Nov 11]. Available from: http: //www. openshotvideo. com/ Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 31

Computer Software Images - Lecture a Images • Slide 6: Open Office Writer Image [image on the Internet]. hacktolive. org (c 2008) [Updated 7/5/2011; cited 11/8/2011]. Available from: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Open. Office. org_Writer. png. • Slide 7: Open Office Calc Image [image on the Internet]. hacktolive. org (c 2008) [Updated 11/8/2008; cited 11/8/2011]. Available from: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Open. Office. org_Calc. png. • Slide 8: Open Office Impress Image [image on the Internet]. hacktolive. org (c 2008). [Updated 11/8/2008; cited 11/8/2011]. Available from: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Open. Office. org_Impress. png. • Slide 9: SEER - SEM Image [image on the Internet]. Hubertson, E. (c 2009). [Updated 4/21/2008; cited 11/8/2011]. Available from: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Seer 3. jpg. (CC BY 3. 0). • Slide 10: Gretl Image [image on the Internet]. c 2006 [Updated 8/1/2006; cited 11/8/2011]. Available from: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Gretl_screenshot. png. (GNU GPL). • Slide 12: Scribus Image [image on the Internet]. Manske, M (c 2008). [Updated 3/5/2009; cited 11/8/2011]. Available from: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Scribus-1. 3 -Linux. png. (GNU GPL). • Slide 14: Inkscape Image [image on the Internet]. Emc 2 (c 2006). [Updated 4/8/2006; cited 11/8/2011]. Available from: http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Inkscape_screenshot. png. (GNU GPL). • Slide 15: Open. Shot Image [image on the Internet]. Jon. Oomp (c 2009) [Updated 9/21/2009; cited 11/8/2011]. Available from: http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Screenshot_of_Open. Shot. png. (GNU GPL). • Slide 16: Thunderbird Image [image on the Internet]. Old Marcus (c 2010) [Updated 2/11/2010; cited 11/8/2011]. Available from: http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Mozilla-thunderbird-3. 0. 1. png. (MPL 1. 1). • Slide 18: IBM Watson Image [image on the Internet]. Raysonho (c 2011) [Updated 4/20/2011; cited 11/8/2011]. Available from: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: IBMWatson. jpg. (CC BY 3. 0). Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 32

Computer Software Images - Lecture a Images • Slide 21: Vist. A screenshot showing lab result values graphed over time for a particular patient. Image [image on the Internet]. US Dept. of VA (c 2007). [Updated 10/29/2007; cited 11/8/2011]. Available from: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Vist. A_Img. png. (PD-US). • Slide 22: Screenshot of the Open. EMR scheduling calendar. Image [image on the Internet]. Miller, B. (c 2009). [Updated 11/28/2009; cited 11/8/2011]. Available from: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Open. EMR-Calendar. jpg. (GNU GPL). • Slide 23: Medical Imaging Image [image on the Internet]. alchueyr, T. (c 2010). [Updated 2/7/2010; cited 11/8/2011]. Available from: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Invesalius 3_promed 0446. png. (GNU GPL). • Slide 24: Telemedicine Image [image on the Internet]. Mco 44 (c 2008). [Updated 2/19/2009; cited 11/8/2011]. Available from: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: CT_viewer_Chest_Keosys. JPG. (PD-US). Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Computer Software Lecture a 33