Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing

Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a This material (Comp 4_Unit 1 a) was developed by Oregon Health and Science University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number IU 24 OC 000015.

Basic Computing Concepts Including History Learning Objectives • Define what a computer is (Lecture a) • Describe different types of computers, including PCs, mobile devices and embedded computers (Lecture a) • Define the common elements of computer systems (Lecture a) • Describe the various hardware and software options for typical desktop, laptop and server systems for home and business use with a focus on healthcare systems (Lectures b and c) • Explain the development of computers and the Internet, including healthcare systems, up until the present time. (Lecture d and e) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a 2

Computer Definition • According to Webster's Dictionary: one that computes; specifically : a programmable, usually electronic, device that can store, retrieve, and process data • Originally term applied to people Man doing computations (EPA, 1973) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a 3

Types of Computers Personal Computers • Desktop computer • Laptop/Notebook/Net book • Tablets/i. Pad • Smartphones MSI laptop computer (CC BY-SA 3. 0. Kristoferb, 2010) Android Smartphone (CC BY-SA 3. 0. unnamed, nd. ) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a First Generation i. Pad (Fleishman, 2010) 4

Types of Computers Large Scale Computers • Mainframe • Server • Supercomputer IBM 704 Mainframe (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, nd. ) Columbia Supercomputer (Trower, NASA) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a 5

Types of Computers Embedded Computers Dishwasher (Paes, nd. ) MRI Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging (NINDS, NIH, nd. ) (top) A portable DVD player by Philips (Evan. Amos, 2010) (bottom) ABS Brakes (Dean, 2007)) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a 6

Computer Components • Hardware • Software Graphic workstation (public domain, nd. ) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a 7

Computer Hardware Input Devices • • Keyboard Touch Screen Mouse Microphones Camera Stylus Scanners (top) Keyboard (Mrsi, 2010) (bottom left) PDA (public domain, nd. ) (bottom right) Computer mouse (public domain, nd. ) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a 8

Computer Hardware Output Devices • • Monitors Projectors Printers Sound Output devices: printer and monitor (public domain, nd. ) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a 9

Computer Hardware Motherboard • A motherboard is a circuit board • Contains – Processor – Memory – Connectors – Expansion slots Labeled diagram of Acer E 360 Socket 939 motherboard (Moxfyre, 2008) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a 10

Computer Hardware Processor • The processor or Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the "brain" of the computer • Controls all functions of the computer • Its processing speed is measured in hertz (Hz) – Current systems run at GHz speeds (billion machine cycles per second) – Not the only determinant of overall computer speed • Modern systems have multiple processors or cores Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a Intel 80486 DX CPU (Dunn, 2005) 11

Computer Hardware Memory • Two types – Read Only Memory (ROM): permanent – Random Access Memory (RAM): volatile • RAM is where programs are stored as they run – Known as primary storage – Can be multiple levels of RAM Memory Modules (Cyberdex, 2006) • Too little memory can slow down computer Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a 12

Computer Hardware Secondary Storage • Secondary storage is permanent, off chip storage • Hard drives: internal and external • Slower than memory Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a Internal view of hard drive (Garczewski, 2004) 13

Computer Hardware Other Storage • Removable storage – Floppy disks – Optical disks – USB Flash drive (top) DVD (left) Sandisk-brand USB thumb drive, San. Disk Cruzer Micro, 4 GB (Evan-Amos, 2011) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a 14

Computer Hardware Connectors and Ports • Ports are way to connect peripheral devices to your computer • Universal serial bus (USB) port is very fast Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 USB plug type A (A. Frank, 2005) • Other ports – Video – Audio – Firewire – Ethernet – Modem Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a 15

Computer Software Operating System • The operating system (OS) coordinates hardware and software • Computers cannot run without an OS • Allows users to interact with the computer • Manages tasks in the CPU, memory, storage, peripheral devices, programs, etc. • Examples – Microsoft Windows – Mac OS – Linux Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a 16

Computer Software Application Software • Application software the programs you run • Includes – – – Word processors EMR Spreadsheets Browsers Video Games Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Open. Office Word Processor (Hribar, 2011) Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a 17

More Components • Networks – Allow computer to connect to others and to Internet – Hardware: network ports, connections, routers – Software: OS and NOS • Databases – Collection of data easily stored and retrieved – Hardware: server (computer and storage) – Software: DBMS Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a 18

Computer Software and Hardware • Software is the interface between the user and the computer • Without meaningful, easy to use applications, people wouldn't use computers • If the hardware is slow, people won't use the applications • Important to get a good balance Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a 19

Basic Computing Concepts Including History Summary – Lecture a • Computers are electronic devices that input, calculate and output data • Computers range from PCs to large mainframes and supercomputers • Computers are also found in most electronic devices today • Composed of hardware and software Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a 20

Basic Computing Concepts Including History References – Lecture a References • Definition of computer from Webster’s Dictionary online: http: //www. merriamwebster. com/dictionary/computer c. 2011. • Evans A, Martin K, Poatsey MA. Chapter 1: Why Computers Matter to You. In: Technology in Action: Complete. 7 th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 2010. • Evans A, Martin K, Poatsey MA. Chapter 2: Looking at Computers: Understanding the Parts. In: Technology in Action: Complete. 7 th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 2010. • Parsons JJ, Oja D. Chapter 1: Computers and Digital Basics. In: New Perspectives on Computer Concepts 2011: Comprehensive. 13 th ed. Boston: Course Technology; 2010. • Shelley GB, Vermaat ME. Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers. In: Discovering Computers 2011: Introductory. 1 st ed. Boston: Course Technology; 2010. Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a 21

Basic Computing Concepts Including History References – Lecture a (continued) Images (continued) Slide 3: Environmental Protection Agency. (1973, July). ARC - Archival Research Catalog. Retrieved November 2011, from The National Archives website: http: //arcweb. archives. gov/arc/action/External. Id. Search? id=552357&j. Script=true Slide 4: Android Smartphone: Unamed 102. http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Android_home. png. Retrieved November 2011, from Wikimedia Commons website: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Share. Alike 3. 0 License. Slide 4: Laptop: Kristoferb (talk). (2010, June 14). http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: MSI_Laptop_computer. jpg. Retrieved November 2011, from http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 3. 0 License. Slide 4: First generation i. Pad: copyright Glenn Fleishman, Seattle, WA. http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: IPad 02. jpg. Retrieved November, 2011 from Wikimedia Commons website: http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: IPad-02. jpg. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2. 0 Generic license. Slide 5: The Columbia Supercomputer at NASA's Advanced Supercomputing Facility at Ames Research Center: Trower, NASA, nd. ). http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Columbia_Supercomputer__NASA_Advanced_Supercomputing_Facility. jpg. Retrieved November 2011, from Wikimedia Commons website: http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/. This file is in the public domain because it was created by NASA. Slide 5: An IBM 704 mainframe. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. (n. d. ). http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Ibm 704. gif. Retrieved November 2011, from Wikimedia Commons website: http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/. The copyright holder of this file, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, allows anyone to use it for any purpose, provided that the copyright holder is properly attributed. Redistribution, derivative work, commercial use, and all other use is permitted. Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a 22

Basic Computing Concepts Including History References – Lecture a (continued) Images (continued) Slide 6: A portable DVD player by Philips: Evan-Amos. (2010, September 3). http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Philipsportable-dvd-player. jpg Retrieved November 2011, from Wikimedia Commons website: http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/. Public domain image. Slide 6: ABS brakes: © by Jeff Dean. (2007, May 4). http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Absbrakes. jpg Retrieved November 2011, from Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia website: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki. The copyright holder of this file allows anyone to use it for any purpose, provided that the copyright holder is properly attributed. Slide 6: Paes, C. (n. d. ). http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Dishwasher_open_for_loading. jpg. Retrieved November 2011, from Wikimedia Commons website: http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki. The copyright holder of this work allows anyone to use it for any purpose including unrestricted redistribution, commercial use, and modification. Slide 6: MRI: NINDS. (n. d. ). http: //www. lfmi. ninds. nih. gov/img 117 arrive. php. Retrieved November 2011, from Wikimedia Commons website: http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki. Slide 7: Graphic workstation: Public Domain. (n. d. ). http: //www. wpclipart. com/computer/PCs/graphic_workstation. png. html. Retrieved November 2011, from WPClipart website: http: //www. wpclipart. com/. Slide 8: Computer Keyboard: Mrsi , I. (2010, August 23). http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Computer_keyboard_US. svg. Retrieved November 2011, from Wikimedia Commons website: http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki. Public domain. Slide 8: PDA: (n. d. ). http: //www. clker. com/cliparts/9/0/8/5/1194983833382818263 cleanpalm_teudimundo_01. svg. hi. png. Retrieved November 2011, from Clker. com website: http: //www. clker. com/. Public domain: http: //creativecommons. org/publicdomain/zero/1. 0/. Slide 8: Computer Mouse: Public domain (nd. ). Retrieved November 2011 from http: //www. openclipart. org/detail/3038. Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a 23

Basic Computing Concepts Including History References – Lecture a (continued) Images (continued) Slide 9: Output devices: printer and monitor: Public domain (nd. ). Retrieved November 2011 from http: //www. openclipart. org/detail/27207. Slide 10: Labeled diagram of Acer E 360 Socket 939 motherboard. Moxfyre. (2008, September 23). http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Acer_E 360_Socket_939_motherboard_by_Foxconn. svg. Retrieved November 2011, from Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia website: http: //en. wikipedia. org. Slide 11: Intel 80486 DX CPU. Photograph © Andrew Dunn (2005, November 9 ). Website: http: //www. andrewdunnphoto. com/. http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Intel_80486 DX 2_bottom. jpg. Retrieved November 2011 from Wikimedia Commons website: http: //commons. wikimedia. org/. Slide 12: RAM memory modules. Cyberdex (2006). http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Memory_module_DDRAM_20 -03 -2006. jpg. Retrieved November 2011 from Wikimedia Commons website: http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Memory_module_DDRAM_20 -032006. jpg. Public domain image. Slide 13: Internal view of hard drive. Łukasz Garczewski (2004). http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Hdd_od_srodka. jpg. Retrieved November 2011 from Wikimedia Commons website: http: //commons. wikimedia. org/. Public domain image. Slide 14: A Sandisk-brand USB thumb drive, San. Disk Cruzer Micro, 4 GB. Evan-Amos (2011). http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: San. Disk_Cruzer_Micro. png. Retrieved from Wikimedia Commons website: http: //commons. wikimedia. org/. Public domain image. Slide 14: DVD: WPClipart (nd. ). http: //www. wpclipart. com/computer/disks/CD/CD_DVD_small_bright. png. html. Retrieved November 2011 from WPClipart website: http: //www. wpclipart. com. Public domain image. Slide 15: USB plug type A: A. Frank (2005, February). http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: USB_Type. A_Plug. JPG. Retrieved November 2011 from Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia website: http: //en. wikipedia. org. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2. 0 Generic license. Slide 17: Open. Office Word Processor screenshot. M. Hribar (2011). Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Information and Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture a 24