Introduction to HTML Todays Discussion n n n

Introduction to HTML

Today’s Discussion n n n n What is HTML ? What is Web Page ? Web Server Web Browser What is Internet ? Services Provided by Internet n e-mail, ftp, wiki-pedia, blogs, java applets Tools used in creating Web Pages HTML coding …… using an editor

What is HTML ? n Hyper Text Markup Language n Web authoring software language n Specifically created to make World Wide Web pages n The inventor of HTML - Tim Berners-Lee

What is HTML ? n HTML files n Text files n Contain mark-up tags n Tags direct how page is to be displayed by browser n Can be created from a simple text editor n File extension “. htm” or “. html”

What is Web Page ? n Web page : Single disk file with a single file name – composed of: n Text, Images, Animations, Hyperlinks, etc. n Home page : First page of a website n Web site: A collection of one or more web pages n Static Website n Dynamic Website

What is Web Server ? n A system on the internet containing one or more web sites. n It a software which enabling Internet services. n Personal Web Server (PWS) n Internet Information Server (IIS) n Apache Server n Tomcat Server

What is Web Browser ? n A client software which is used to render web pages. n Internet Explorer n Mozilla Firefox n Windows Chrome n Netscape Navigator n Mosaic

Web Browser and Web Server - Client and Server User uses HTTP client (Web Browser) n It has a URL (e. g. http: //www. yahoo. com/) n Makes a request to the server n Server sends back data (the response) n User clicks on the client side. . . n request (URL) Client response (HTML, …) Server

What is Internet ? n The largest network of networks in the world

What is Internet ? Continue…… n A network of networks, joining many government, university and private computers together and providing an infrastructure for the use of E-mail, bulletin boards, file archives, hypertext documents, databases and other computational resources.

What is Internet ? Continue…… n The vast collection of computer networks which form and act as a single huge network for transport of data and messages across distances which can be anywhere from the same office to anywhere in the world.

Services provided by Internet Electronic Mail (e-mail) n World Wide Web n Telnet n File Transfer Protocol (FTP) n Internet Telephone n Web TV/Radio n Internet Relay Chat n News Groups n

Electronic Mail (e-mail) n Distributes e-mail messages and attached files to one or more electronic mailboxes. n Eg: - e-mail addresses thomas@mes. edu. in n murugan@mesmarampally. org n

Electronic Mail (e-mail) Continue…… thomas @ mes. edu. Name of Person murugan Organization @ in Type of Organization mesmarampally. Country org

Electronic Mail (e-mail) Continue…… n Different e-mail service providers n G-Mail n Yahoo Mail n Hot Mail

WIKIPEDIA A wiki is a publishing platform on which many people can contribute new content and revise existing content. n The content benefits from the collective knowledge of the contributors, so wikis can be very beneficial for group projects. n Some businesses and organizations use wikis to maintain documents. n

Blog n n n An online diary for expressing our thoughts and passion. Also called Weblogs Blogging – The activity of creating blog. n Client (Browser) defines the appearance n Font n preferences, window width, … Pours into Browser (PDAs, Bigger/Smaller)

HTML Characteristics n Just a Text File! + Portable + Human Readable/Writable n HTML Defines the Structure (not Appearance) of the Document n Client (Browser) defines the appearance n Font preferences, window width, …

HTML Characteristics Continue…… n HTML is a set of instructions – called Elements. n These elements are grouped into sections: n HEAD elements section n Only elements that are allowed in the HEAD section of the document. n BODY elements section n Only elements that are allowed in the BODY section of the document.

Naming Convention n All elements are enclosed in < > brackets. n Most elements require a start tag and end tag. n Eg: - <title>My First Web Page</title> n The end tag has a forward slash (/). n Elements names are not case sensitive.

Document Structure <html> <head><title>My First Web Page</title> </head> <body bgcolor="white"> <p>A Paragraph of Text. </p> </body> </html>

Nested Tags n n Like a tree, each element is contained inside a parent element Each element may have any number of attributes <html>. . . </html> <head>. . . </head> <title>. . . </title> <body bgcolor="white” >. . . </body> other stuff <p>. . . </p> This is some text! <table>. . . </table>

Basic Tags <html> <head><title>My First Web Page</title> </head> <body bgcolor="white"> <p>A Paragraph of Text. </p> </body> </html>

HTML Elements n <HTML> Elements It encloses the entire HTML document. n Starting tag <HTML> n Ending tag </HTML> n n <HEAD> It encloses the head section of the document. n Starting tag <HEAD> n Ending tag </HEAD> n

HTML Elements n <TITLE> Elements Found only in head section. n Denotes the title of the document. n Starting tag <TITLE> n Ending tag </TITLE> n n <BODY> It encloses the body section of the document. n Starting tag <BODY> n Ending tag </BODY> n

HTML Elements n <H 1> Elements Denotes the first level headline of an HTML document. n Starting tag <H 1> n Ending tag </H 1> n n <B> To make characters bold. n Starting tag <B> n Ending tag </B> n

HTML Elements n <P> Elements n n For start of a new paragraph. <A> To add hyper link to the document. n <A HREF=“http: //www. lsp 4 you. com”> Tutorials </A> n

Basic Tags n n <hr> horizontal rule new line <b>. . . </b> bold <i>. . . </i> italicize text in between

Lists n Unordered Lists <ul> <li> Apples <li> Oranges </ul> n Ordered Lists <ol> <li> One <li> Two </ol> n Can be nested o o Apples 1. 2. Fuji Granny Smith Oranges

Image Files n <img src="URL of image file">

Tables n n <table>. . . </table> <tr>. . . </tr> for each row <td>. . . </td> for each element in a row <th>…</th> for header row

Table Example <table border="1"> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td>row 2, cell 2</td> </tr> </table>

Comments n n <!-- This is a comment --> <!-This paragraph, is also a comment. . . -->

Special HTML n n < → < > → > & → &   → space

Anchor Tag (Links) Absolute HREFs specify fully qualified URLs. n n n <a href="http: //www. yahoo. com/">Yahoo!</a> <a href="reldoc. html">In this directory!</a> <a href="a/doc. html">In sub-directory a!</a> Relative HREFs are relative to the directory containing the current HTML file.

What is the WWW? n A hypertext system that runs on top of the Internet, based on Three Main Standards URL n HTTP n HTML n