INTRODUCTION TO GRIDCONNECTED PV SYSTEM Oleh TUNKU MUHAMMAD

“INTRODUCTION TO GRID-CONNECTED PV SYSTEM” Oleh TUNKU MUHAMMAD NIZAR BIN TUNKU MANSUR PPK SISTEM ELEKTRIK

INTRODUCTION q A grid-connected PV (GCPV) system is a set of equipment that comprises PV modules, an inverter and components that are connected to a utility grid. q It does not need a battery system as an energy storage as is the stand-alone system. q Basically, a GCPV system comprises two main components namely: ü PV array ü Balance of System (BOS) q The BOS components cover all part in the system except the PV array Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

INTRODUCTION q This system is popular in Malaysia since 2011 where the Feed -in Tariff (Fi. T) mechanism has been implemented. q The Fi. T is the mechanism that obliges Distribution Licensees (DL) to buy electricity generated from renewable resources under Renewable Energy Act 2011 at premium price for specific duration. q The Sustainable Energy Development Authority of Malaysia (SEDA) is the agency under Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water (Ke. TTHA) that responsible for Fi. T. q The standard used to guide the design and installation of GCPV system in Malaysia is MS 1837: 2010 The Installation of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic (PV) System. q Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

INTRODUCTION Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

TYPICAL SINGLE PHASE GCPV SCHEMATIC (MS 1837: 2010) Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

TYPICAL THREE PHASE GCPV SCHEMATIC (MS 1837: 2010) Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

TYPES OF GCPV SYSTEM Distributed Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

TYPES OF GCPV SYSTEM GCPV Commercial 10 1000 k. Wp GCPV Residential <12 k. Wp Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

GCPV INVERTER q Inverter is a device to convert DC power from the solar array to AC power. In Malaysia it is 240 V Single Phase and 415 V Three Phase. q Grid-connected inverter may include MPPT to ensure maximum power from solar array. q Ability to synchronize with the grid. q Grid Interactive inverters will typically incorporate two types of protection: ü Self Protection if extreme operation conditions occur ü Protection to the grid- so that the inverter will disconnect supplying power to the grid in certain conditions Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

GCPV INVERTER q Inverter is a device to convert DC power from the solar array to AC power. In Malaysia it is 240 V Single Phase and 415 V Three Phase. q Grid-connected inverter may include MPPT to ensure maximum power from solar array. q Ability to synchronize with the grid. q Grid Interactive inverters will typically incorporate two types of protection: ü Self Protection if extreme operation conditions occur ü Protection to the grid- so that the inverter will disconnect supplying power to the grid in certain conditions Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

TYPES OF GCPV INVERTER String inverter and Module inverter: <150 W Multi-string >1 -10 k. W Central inverter: >20 k. W Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

TYPES OF GCPV INVERTER String Inverter GRID Single String Inverter (Single String) Single String Inverter (Multi String) Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

TYPES OF GCPV INVERTER String Inverter GRID Individual String with Individual Inverter String Inverter Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

TYPES OF GCPV INVERTER MPP String GRID Inverter Multi String Inverter with MPPT Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

TYPES OF GCPV INVERTER Central Inverter GRID Central Inverter Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

BALANCE OF SYSTEM (BOS) q The components of Balance of System (BOS) are: ü The inter-array cabling and cabling to the array junction box ü The array junction box (sometimes called DC combiner box) ü The main cable from the array junction box to the inverter ü String Protection and disconnect switches – fuses and/or circuit breakers. ü Lightning protection which include surge protection devices (SPD’s) and earthing ü DC and AC main switches ü The AC cabling from the inverter Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

BALANCE OF SYSTEM (BOS) q Cabling: ü String cables connecting the modules in series and then to ü ü the array junction box – sometimes called (DC combiner box) Array cables connecting from the array junction box to the array DC main switch. (DC cables) DC inverter cables connecting from the array DC main switch to the Inverter (DC cables) DC supply cables from the Inverter to the k. Wh meter, onto the array AC main switch and then to the grid connection (AC) Earthing cables for the array and also from the SPD’s to the earthing system of the building. Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

BALANCE OF SYSTEM (BOS) DC Cables and Plug Lighting Protection (SPD) Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

BALANCE OF SYSTEM (BOS) DC Main Switch Array (DC) Junction Box (AJB) Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

STATUS OF Fi. T IMPLEMENTATION IN MALAYSIA Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

STATUS OF Fi. T IMPLEMENTATION IN MALAYSIA Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

Fi. T RATES FOR SOLAR PV (INDIVIDUAL) Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

Fi. T RATES FOR SOLAR PV (NON-INDIVIDUAL) Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

HUMAN RESOURCE FOR PV INDUSTRY • The competency trainings are conducted regularly by SEDA for Solar PV Fi. T application The available trainings are: ü Grid-Connected PV System for Wireman & Chargeman ü Grid-Connected PV System Design Course ü Solar PV Installer and Maintenance Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

SEDA DESIGN OF GCPV SYSTEM COURSE • This course is offered to those who want to: ü Learn and enhance knowledge about grid-connected solar PV systems. ü Design Grid-Connected PV systems which include solar PV modules, inverter and associated equipment that is suitable for Malaysia climate condition. (Note: the electrical connection between the inverter to the electricity supply (AC side) can only be undertaken by licensed electricians issued by Suruhanjaya Tenaga). Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

SEDA DESIGN OF GCPV SYSTEM COURSE • To successfully complete the course, each participant must show that they are competent in all skills and tasks as defined by this training course. All participants are required to obtain and use only original copies of the training materials. • The assessment of the participant includes: ü active participation in exercises conducted in the class during the 7 days training course; ü active participation in the practical/ physical work conducted during the 7 days training course; and ü completion of assignments and exercises which must be submitted upon request by the trainers. Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System

SEDA DESIGN OF GCPV SYSTEM COURSE Grid-Connected PV System EET 433 Renewable Energy System