Introduction to Geographic Information Systems GIS 7 May

Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) 7 May 2008 Pablo Sastre Olmos

Geographic Information Systems

Mapping criteria must be relevant for the organisms or processes studied

Analysis at different resolution scales Mapa 1: 50. 000 1: 6. 500 1: 18. 000 1 km 1 x 1 Km UTM 30 T VK 3796 1 km

Stream Density (m/ha) at different scales

Analysis at different extents (area of samples)

Spatial query: show the attributes Query by attribute: show the location

Storage of attributes Raster model (digital code)

Storage of attributes Vector model (table associated to objects)

Raster Digital Terrain Model (DTM) Vector Contour lines (dist. =500 m)

Georeferencing Geographic references Collection Database (Darwin Core): Country = Spain Digital map “Countries-World” (GIS layer with database): Country = Spain

Georeferencing Geographic references Collection Database (Darwin Core): Country = Spain Digital map “Countries-Europe” (GIS layer with database): Country = Spain

Geographic references Limits Land - Sea: - Continents - Islands, archipelagos Administrative limits: - Countries - Regions - Provinces - Counties - Districts, etc. Streets, roads (post addresses) Rivers, etc. Mountains, etc. Systems of X, Y coordinates Lat. /Long. (decimal degrees) UTM (metres, …) Etc. Darwin Core Fields ¿What? : Phylum, Species, Sex, . . . ¿How? : Basis. Of. Record, Preparation. Type ¿Who? : Collector, . . . ¿When? : Year. Collected, . . . ¿Where? : Continent. Ocean Country Province County Locality Longitude Latitude Coordinate. Precision, Bounding. Box Maximum. Elevation, Max. Depth, . . .

Madrid / Counties Genus Parus Forest Genus Circus Agriculture Birds Colection – Spanish Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN-CSIC)

Historical Data Example: Country = Nueva Granada Virreinato de Nueva Granada (1718 -1819) (Colombia, Panamá, Venezuela, Ecuador) República de Nueva Granada (1830 -1861) (Colombia, Panamá)

Dorcadion (J. Lauffer, 1899 -1902)