INTRODUCTION TO GENDER MAINSTREAMING Gender Women and Politics

INTRODUCTION TO GENDER MAINSTREAMING Gender, Women and Politics The National Democratic Institute

INTRODUCTIONS/ GROUND RULES • Introductions • Ground Rules • Ice Breaker Exercise Image: Khandro Leia Organa

INTRODUCTION TO GENDER MAINSTREAMING OBJECTIVES • Understand the basis for/approaches to promoting gender equality • Become familiar with the entry points for/objectives of gender mainstreaming and strategies and tools • Practice developing mainstreaming strategies

INTRODUCTION TO GENDER MAINSTREAMING TOPICS • • • Equality and gender Evolution of gender mainstreaming Definition Strategies/tools Compensating for inequities

KEY TERMS • • • Gender Mainstream Gender equality Inequity Other terms? Image: European Institute for Gender Equality

INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORKS • United Nations international human rights declarations/covenants “All human beings are born free and equa in dignity and rights. ” Photo: UN

RATIONALE FOR GENDER EQUALITY • Human rights rationale • Economic rationale

APPROACHES TO EQUALITY Formal Equality • View: Women and men are the same so treat them the same • Goal: To achieve equal treatment

APPROACHES TO EQUALITY Protectionism • View: Women and men are different so should be treated differently • Goal: To protect women

APPROACHES TO EQUALITY Substantive equality • View: There are differences in how women and men experience life and we should minimize negative effects of this • Goal: Promote equality of outcomes

SUBSTANTIVE EQUALITY • Corrective approach • Equal treatment can reinforce inequality • Discrimination and inequality are social constructs • Requires proactive measures • Equality of opportunity, access and results

EVOLUTION OF GENDER MAINSTREAMING Realization that: • Men and women have different priorities/constraints and can contribute to, and be affected differently by projects • Failure to address gender issues leads to inefficient and unsustainable results and exacerbates inequities

EXAMPLE: WATER PUMPS AND ICT IN TANZANIA • Encourage citizens to report broken water pumps to authorities using SMS • Anticipated 3, 000 SMS but only got 53 • Why? Photo: Taco Anema, IUCN

EVOLUTION OF GENDER MAINSTREAMING • Women IN Development • Analysis focused on women only • Programs exclusively for women Photo: NDI

EVOLUTION OF GENDER MAINSTREAMING • Gender AND Development – Analysis focuses on gender division of labor, roles and relations – Aim to reduce gender inequalities

EVOLUTION OF GENDER MAINSTREAMING • 1985: Concept first introduced • 1995: Further developed at UN Fourth World Conference on Women • Beijing Platform: “Promote an active and visible policy of mainstreaming a gender perspective” • Gender integration

WHAT IS GENDER MAINSTREAMING? • Strategy to ensure women’s and men’s concerns and experiences are included in the design, implementation and evaluation of policies and programs • Goal: achieving gender equality

GENDER MAINSTREAMING ENTRY POINTS • Institution • Policy • Program Photo: NDI

WHAT IS GENDER MAINSTREAMING? – Every policy and activity has a gender perspective or implication – Gender analysis improves the effectiveness of policies and programs – Needs and rights of all stakeholders are addressed

GENDER MAINSTREAMING OBJECTIVES • Make gender more visible • Transform institutions • Ensure that power and resources are deployed equitably Photo: NDI

GENDER MAINSTREAMING MYTHS • Favors women over men • Women and men already equal • Only for policies related to women and women’s issues

GENDER MAINSTREAMING CONTINUUM Gender Aware Exploitative Accommodating Gender Blind Transformative

GENDER MAINSTREAMING AND THE PROJECT LIFE CYCLE Knowledge sharing 1. Design Gendersensitive M&E 4. M&E Gender analysis/needs assessment Gender expertise Adequate resources 2. Start-up Gender planning Gender-specific action/capacity building 3. Implementation

GENDER MAINSTREAMING STRATEGIES/TOOLS • Involve women and men in consultations • Include sex-disaggregated data • Formulate gender-sensitive and/or specific objectives, indicators and activities

GENDER MAINSTREAMING STRATEGIES/TOOLS • Strive for gender balance in staff/experts • Enable women and men to participate equally and benefit equally • Include gender in evaluations

GENDER ANALYSIS • Can be undertaken at any stage but most effective if included in design • Systematic way of analyzing different roles and impacts • Asks the “who” questions • How will this affect women and men?

GENDER RESPONSIVE BUDGETING • Budgeting to account for differing needs of women and men • Ensure that resources aren’t being spent in a discriminatory manner Photo: Sanja Gjenero for rgbstock. com

COMPENSATING FOR INEQUITIES Image: Iris de Caluwe

COMPENSATING FOR INEQUITIES • Affirmative action to level the playing field and compensate for discrimination • Additional resources/training/access • Gender differences may be influenced by other structural differences

EXERCISE: INSTITUTIONAL MAINSTREAMING Select an institution and develop strategy • Areas/methodology for assessment • Recommended actions – Policy revisions – Resources – financial and human – Training • M&E Photo: Amy Hamelin, NDI

EXERCISE: POLICY MAINSTREAMING Select a policy and develop strategy • Areas/methodology for assessment • Recommended actions – New/revised policy – Resources – financial and human – Training • M&E

EXERCISE: PROGRAM MAINSTREAMING Select a program and develop strategy • Areas/methodology for assessment • Program designs – Activities – Resources – financial and human – Training • M&E Photo: NDI

INTRO TO GENDER MAINSTREAMING REVIEW • “All humans born free and equal”-- yet women struggle • Substantive equality • NOT gender blind • Mainstream gender throughout project cycle • Tools: gender analysis and budgeting