Introduction to Fallacies defects that weaken arguments Two

Introduction to Fallacies defects that weaken arguments

Two things about fallacies: 1)Fallacious arguments are very, very common and can be quite persuasive 2)It is sometimes hard to evaluate whether an argument is fallacious Fallacies are defects that weaken arguments.

Evidence used to support and prove an argument comes in three forms: ETHOS LOGOS PATHOS 3 types of rhetorical appeals

Logos = Rational Appeals facts case studies statistics experiments logical reasoning analogies anecdotes authority voices Logos

Pathos = Emotional Appeals Facts appeal to beliefs and feelings higher emotions belief in fairness love pity etc. lower emotions (greed, lust, revenge, fear, power, etc. ) Pathos

Ethos = Reputation of the speaker Trustworthiness Credibility Reliability Expert testimony Reliable sources Fairness Moral authority Ethos

Appeals Review video Appeals Review

Braveheart starring Mel Gibson Sir William Wallace was a Scottish knight and landowner who became one of the main leaders during the Wars of Scottish Independence. Wallace defeated an English army at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297, and was Guardian of Scotland, serving until his defeat at the Battle of Falkirk. In 1305, Wallace was captured in Robroyston near Glasgow and handed over to King Edward I of England, who had him hanged, drawn, and quartered for high treason and crimes against English civilians. Wallace's “Never Take Our Freedom” Speech Appeals in Practice

Find the Logical Fallacies packet in the Junior Class Notebook. Read the Name of every fallacy listed in the packet silently to yourself. South Park Fallacies Logical Fallacies

Watch the discussion. Discuss with your group: What is the flaw in the argument? 3. Use the Fallacies handout to do a popcorn reading of this type of fallacy with your group. 4. In your WNB, write an explanation of this fallacy in your own words 5. Share your explanation with your group to make sure you got it right 1. 2. Dinner Table fallacies Fallacies in Practice

Each person in the group choose one of the remaining fallacies. 2) Read it carefully—take notes in your own words. 3) Teach the fallacy to your group—don’t just read the handout! 1) Additional Fallacies

"The Word" on taking out Sadaam Watch the video and look for Fallacies. 2) In your WNB, use this stem to write an explanation of the fallacy: This is an example of a _____ fallacy because… (use a quote from the video to explain the definition of the fallacy) 1) Find the Fallacies: The Colbert Report

The Axe Effect Fed Ex Commercial Taco Bell Commercial ETrade Baby Cigarette Commercial In your WNB, use the sentence stem to explain the fallacies in each TV commercial: This is an example of a _____ fallacy because… Find the Fallacies: Commercials

Obama attacks Mc. Cain 2008 Mc. Cain attacks Obama 2008 The French Connection: Attack on Mitt Ronmey 2012 TX Gov Rick Perry for Republican Nomination 2012 Colbert Super. PAC ad: Mitt the Ripper Find the Fallacies: Campaign Ads

1) Read the instructions on the last page of the Fallacies packet. 2) Follow the instructions as a group to complete the activity in your WNB. Find the Fallacies: Text-based argument

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) Get your NEO number from your teacher Grab your numbered NEO from the cart Turn it on (upper left) Press “Applets” upper right Select “Responder 1. 2”; press enter Select your teacher/room #; press enter If your screen says “enter your response” you are in the right place Wait for further instructions Using a NEO

1) I read "Playboy" magazine, and I don't see how it could be harmful. Which of the following fallacies is NOT present in the above statement? a) b) c) d) Ad Populum (Appeal to the People) Appeal to Ignorance Hasty Generalization Appeal to Authority Fallacies Quiz

2) Besides, to be harmful, pornography would either have to harm the men who read it or the women who pose in it, and since they both choose these activities, they must not be harmful. Which one is it? a) b) c) d) Straw Man Appeal to Pity False Dichotomy Weak Analogy Fallacies Quiz

3) Feminists should take a lesson from my parents—they don't like loud music and won't have it in their house, but they don't go around saying it's harmful to everyone or trying to prevent others from listening to it. Which is it? a) b) c) d) Straw Man Appeal to Pity False Dichotomy Weak Analogy Fallacies Quiz

4) Ever since feminists began attacking our popular culture, the moral foundation of our society has been weakened; the divorce rate, for example, continues to rise. Which two fallacies are present? a) b) c) d) Post Hoc (False Cause) Ad hominem (Against the Person) Slippery Slope Red Herring Fallacies Quiz

5) If feminists would just cease their hysterical opposition to sex, perhaps relationships in our society would improve. Which two fallacies are present? a) b) c) d) Begging the Question Straw Man Ad hominem (Against the Person) Slippery Slope Fallacies Quiz

6) If feminists insist, instead, on banning porn, men will have no freedom and no pleasure left, and large numbers of women will be jobless and will have to work as prostitutes to support themselves. Which two fallacies are present? a) b) c) d) Slippery Slope Appeal to Ignorance Appeal to Pity Begging the Question Fallacies Quiz