Introduction To extend the study of the structure

Introduction To extend the study of the structure of nuclei far from stability q Production of RIB's via the fission process induced - either by fast neutrons from a C converter in a UCx target goal >1013 fissions/s - or by direct bombardment of fissile material q Production of heavy ion beams for fusion-evaporation physics C D 1+ n+ UCx IS ECR Basic configuration for RIB production : high intensity D primary beam on a D-N Converter with a Carbon wheel fission fragments produced by N-induced fission of a UCx fissile target - low or high density (Gatchina) Different ion sources coupled (depending on ionization efficiency) Isotopes bred to higher charge state for proper post-acceleration Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 1

Fission yields with converter and ~ 5 m. A primary beam. . . n d UCx 239 U Fission of Ex= 20 Me. V low density = 2. 3 g/cm 3 1013 f/s high density V = 240 cm 3 = 11 g/cm 3 5. 1013 f/s V = 240 cm 3 2. 1014 f/s V = 1000 cm 3 200 k. W dissipation in the converter 5 m. A - 40 Me. V deuteron 300 W 6 k. W (limit) power deposited in the target without converter and ~ 0. 15 m. A primary beam. . . d, 3, 4 He, . . . Fission of 240 Pu Ex≥ 50 Me. V UCx 5. 1012 f/s 6 k. W acces to a wider mass region Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 2

Regions of the nuclear chart covered by primary beam: deuterons heavy ions 4. N=Z ISOL (thick target) 5. Transfermiums In-flight (Z=106, 108) 2. Fusion reaction with exotic beam 1 Z 1. Fission products (w/ converter) N 3. High Ex fission products (w/o converter) Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 3

Physics with fast neutrons Material irradiation SPIRAL 2 will deliver 1015 neutrons /s peaked at 14 Me. V ideal spectrum for material studies in future fusion machines available before IFMIF and at reduced cost Pulsed neutron beam (future option) measurement of cross-sections for fission and (n, xn) reactions neutron energy inferred from time of flight technique (To. F) with 1% resolution for 10 m long beamline Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 4

Schematic Layout α s B' V/u I R e M 6 Charge breeder 1+ / N+ CIME Source Separator deuterons m a be /G 2 t c G 1 e r Di nes li n e Id 1. 2. 3. 4. Source q/A=1/3 Q RF if t n ic io at SC n io t a st a e ar C A N LI TIS Station amp e B m p. x u n e d o i y rg ns e e t En ex l w Irradiation ia t Lo Neutrons en t o p 14 Me. V Stable ion beams Driver Target - Ion Source Station Secondary Beam Lines High Energy Radioactive Beam Lines Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 5

α s B' V/u I R e M 6 Charge breeder 1+ / N+ Source q/A=1/3 CIME Source deuterons m a be /G 2 t c G 1 e r Di nes li n e Id io at Lo SC n io t a st ic if t n w 1. 2. 3. 4. Q RF y En g er p. x e C A N LI a e ar teur épara S : u r B B. daires n o c e s x isceau a f e d s e n nne : Lig Driver F. Vare Target - Ion Source Station Secondary Beam Lines High Energy Radioactive Beam Lines Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 6

Facility layout Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 7

Simultaneous beams at GANIL Multi-Faisceaux easier with direct lines CIME salles G 1 -G 2 3 séparateur 1+/n+ 1 4 5 2 Example (5 beams) SPIRAL 2 : 40 Me. V D+ onto ECS 1) Low energy RIB (LIRAT) 2) 6 A. Me. V RIB CIME VAMOS / EXOGAM Standard GANIL 3) stable beam/RIB at 50 -100 A. Me. V (CSS ’s) 4) 1 A. Me. V stable (IRRSUD) 5) 8 -10 A. Me. V stable (SME) Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 8

Converter SPIRAL 2 PSI 200 k. W 60 k. W Diameter 1 m 0. 45 m Pradiation 53 W/cm 2 35 W/cm 2 1750°C 1527°C Pmax T max beam spot Ø 40 mm (parabolic distrib) thickness = 10 mm rotation speed < 600 trs/mn in case of C wheel failure : target protection = Carbon foil between wheel and target 70 ms to switch the beam off (time delay for 1000° to 3200°C increase) Homogeneous and Bragg model energy deposition Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 9

Targets Geometry of the UCx target has been studied by calculating the optimum location taking into account the distribution of the neutron flux coming from the converter. 3 geometries giving > 1013 fissions/s R. Le complete effusion simulations in progress roy : Prod uctio n de s ion s rad ioact ifs 19 series of 61 disks UC 3 density 2. 3 g/cm 3 Ø 15, thickness = 1, spacing = 0. 3 Example of configuration Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 10

Ion Sources Four types of ion sources considered for the project : § ECR ion source (gaseous elements such as the noble gases) § FEBIAD source (Forced Electron Beam for Ionization by Arc Discharge) (less volatile elements) § thermo-ionisation source (alkalis and some rare earth elements) § laser source (non-volatile elements such as metallic ones and high selectivity) prototype of ECR ion source (demanding in terms of room & auxiliary equipment) adaptation of the surface ionisation source developed at TRIUMF development of a FEBIAD prototype for pushing up the usual lifetime limitation Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 11

Plugs Adaptation of the plug technology developed at TRIUMF Shielding of all radio-sensitive elements, like pumps (32 Sv/h at 1 m after 3 month irradiation)) Manual disconnection of the module before handling for storing or dismantling Size of biological shielding determined by dose rate calculations < 10 μSv/h at the top) (basic, complete, in the vacuum tank) Service cap Shielding plug 1. 25 m steel + 1. 50 m concrete Containment Box D-beam axis RIB axis Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Shutter Valve Page 12

Plugs (2) couvercle béton passages avec câble HT Plugs nergie E Basse ECS Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 13

Driver The driver must accelerate beams q of high power (200 k. W deuteron beam power) q different ion species and mass-to-charge ratios (deuterons as well as heavier ions of mass-to-charge ratio A/q=3 and up to A/q=6 in a later stage) q with a high output energy flexibility (from 40 Me. V deuteron energy down to low energies, as low as the RFQ exit energy) “Independently Phased Superconducting Linac” : provides a safe cw operation and high flexibility in the acceleration of different ion species and charge-to-mass ratios Short cavities: very wide velocity acceptance optimisation of the output energy for each ion specie by readjusting the RF phases of each cavity a) conservative expected from sources b) z at RFQ output Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 14

Driver layout : reference design 0 6 m Sources + LEBT 11 m 15 m RFQ MEBT 88 MHz =0. 07 QWR (12 mod x 1 cav) 28 m 88 MHz =0. 12 40 m QWR (6 mod x 2 cav) 88 MHz Source D+ RFQ 1 Eacc = 6 -7 MV/m RFQ 2 Source q/A=1/3 Source q/A=1/6 Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 15

D+ sources: SILHI-type & μPhoenix Water cooling UHF injection Hexapolar magnet Monogap extraction Gas injection Plasma electrode Magnet for axial field Hybrid magnet for Hexapolar and Axial field ex: Micro. PHOENIX 10 GHz norm. rms = 0. 084 . mm. mrad for 5 m. Ae D+ extracted @ 38 k. V Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 17

Heavy Ions Sources R&D A/q=3 ion source : state-of-the-art in ECR sources: 1 m. A 18 O 6+ and 0. 2 m. A 36 Ar 12+ High confinement fields (Br 2 -3 T) and high frequency (f > 28 GHz) required Two options are explored, based on § a fully superconducting ECR source P. Sortais & D . Hitz : source s ECR § a combination of permanent and high temperature superconducting magnets European research activity “Ion Sources for Intense Beams of Heavy Ions” (ISIBHI) SERSE at LNS 14 -18 GHz PHOENIX 28 GHz Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 18

Beam Dynamics (2) cavity aperture 1/3 Results : Øsuitable emittance growths Øsafety margin [bore radius / max beam amplitude] 1. 8 for ions 2. 5 for deuteron next step : Ø systematic start-to-end simulations including all effects and alignment errors Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 20

Warm intertank space Quads + Diagnostics : trade-off between BD and Diag people ! Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 21

RFQ • Accelerates in CW mode: Ø D+ beam up to 5 m. A up to 0. 75 – 1 Me. V/u Ø q/A=1/3 ions up to 1 m. A • To allow hands on maintenance: Ø 99% of transmission w/o errors Ø 97% min with all combined errors • The construction takes into account: 6. 5 m 5 m Ø Non constant voltage and R 0 profile Ø 1% on the voltage law Ø 1/10 th mm vane tips displacement Ø Minimum price Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 22

RFQ : 4 -vane from tube and rf joints safe cw operation (lowest peak power density < 6 W/cm 2) highest transmission • Only mechanical assembly • from a low cost copper tube • Possible change of the vanes • w/o brazing nor welding RF join Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 23

Resonators 2 IRAL P S a r p u s s ité. Olry : Cav &G G. Devanz Legnaro-type QWR Argonne-type QWR and HWR (with field asymmetry compensation) Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 24

QWR : cavity shape optimization Goals for 8 MV/m ( E/ ) operation : lower Epk / Eacc ~ 5 → Epk ≈ 40 MV/m enlarge curvature radius of drift tube lower Bpk / Eacc ~ 10 m. T/MV/m → Bpk ≈ 80 m. T enlarge stem diameter Cavity stiffening : Stem conical shape Top rounded shape Power coupler location : Coupler mounted on removable bottom plate Electric coupling in low |H| area Qext as low as 7 104 50 ohms coaxial line Ø = 30 mm Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 25

R&D program (1) Goal : to develop and test the most critical components to validate the chosen technology before the construction phase Provisional budget for this 2 -year R&D program = 850 k€ For the accelerator : § One RFQ module (1 meter long) test at full RF power in summer 2004 with a 88 MHz-40 k. W power source § Two 176 MHz SC resonators, one QWR + one HWR to validate fabrication, preparation and mounting procedures to compare performances of both cavity types (tests before the end of 2004) § Two high power couplers (in the range 10 -20 k. W) fabrication at the end of 2004 and test in 2005. § One 10 k. W solid state amplifier module for the SC resonators collaboration with other laboratories under study goal : prototype tested at the end of 2004 Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 26

R&D program (2) For the target-ion source system : § Target R&D already started within a collaboration with Gatchina goal : to compare the performances of low and high density UCx targets besides, R&D on low density UCx pellets of different sizes and shapes § Design and developments of the target oven graphite oven prototypes tested to study temperature uniformity and mechanical resistance for a long operation period § FEBIAD ion source tests to demonstrate the reliability of the cathode for a long period operation § ECR ion source tests to demonstrate the feasibility of a prototype using magnetic coils Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 27

Time-schedule for Safety Authorities Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 28

Project organization DSM Institutes IN 2 P 3 Steering Committee TAC Technical SAC Scientific Advisory Committee Project Study Group Project Management Physics/Exp. Accelerator Target stations Beam Lines D+ Sources Ion Sources RFQ Cryomodule A/B Beam Dynamics RF Cryogenics Integration Converter Targets Ion Sources Hot Cell Plug & Handling. Separator Calculs lignes Magnets CIME post-acc. Charge booster 1+/n+ Nuclear physics, atomic, astrophysics. . Specific Techn. Conv. Facilities Safety Radiation Diagnostics Buildings Vaccum Elec. Power Control systems Power Supplies Refrig. / Fuides Waste Tech. Support Studies - Safety - Rad. shielding Documents Prep. -DOS, RPS, DAM, DAR Joint Laboratories Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 29

Collaborations Argonne UK ? ? Gatchina Louvain ? ? Triumf LPC GSI ? ? SPR GANIL DAPNIA IRES DPII IPNO CSNSM Isolde ? ? DIF CENBG ISN CENG Legnaro Le projet SPIRAL-II, 5 octobre 2003, Porquerolles Page 30