Introduction to Electrical Computer Engineering Node Voltage Analysis

Introduction to Electrical & Computer Engineering Node Voltage Analysis • Lee Brinton • Salt Lake Community College 1

2

Introduction to Electrical Engineering Node Voltages • • • Comparison between Elevation and Voltage Branch Voltages Vs. Node Voltages Nodes and Extraordinary (Critical) Nodes Node Analysis Process Node Analysis with Dependent Sources Supernodes 3

Similarities Between Elevation and Voltage Mount Olympus Salt Lake Valley Floor Sea Level 4

Branch and Node Voltages 5

Branch Currents and Voltages 6

Nodes and Extraordinary (Critical) Nodes 7

Node Voltage Process 8

9

Steps to Performing Node Analysis 1. Identify extraordinary (critical) nodes 2. Select one node as the reference node (V = 0) 3. Assign variable names to the other extraordinary nodes 4. Write node equations at each other node in terms of the node voltage variables 5. Solve the system of equations for the node voltages 10

Example Circuit 11

Example Circuit + V 10 - V 1 = 14. 48 V 2 = 20. 69 V 12

Example Circuit with Dependent Source 13

14

Example Circuit with Super Node 15

Example Circuit with Super Node 16

17

Introduction to Electrical & Computer Engineering Mesh Analysis • Lee Brinton • Salt Lake Community College 18

Introduction to Electrical Engineering Mesh Currents • • • Loops Vs. Meshes Branch Currents Vs. Mesh Currents Mesh Analysis Process Mesh Analysis with Dependent Sources Supermeshes 19

Loops Vs. Meshes 20

Branch Currents Vs. Mesh Currents 21

Loop Equations Involving Mesh Currents 22

23

Steps to Performing Mesh Analysis 1. Identify meshes 2. Assign variable names to mesh currents 3. Write KVL equations around each mesh in terms of the mesh currents 4. Solve the system of equations for the mesh currents 24

25

Mesh-Current Example 26

Super Mesh 27

Super Mesh Example 15Ω + 12 V _ 5Ω 2 A 3Ω 10Ω 28

Introduction to Electrical & Computer Engineering Superposition • Lee Brinton • Salt Lake Community College 29

Superposition 30

Superposition 31

Introduction to Electrical & Computer Engineering Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits • Lee Brinton • Salt Lake Community College 32

Complex Circuit and Its Thevenin Equivalent a b LM 324 Operational Amplifier Circuit Thevenin Equivalent Circuit Of LM 324 33

Thevenin Equivalent Power at the Shaft vs. Power at the Wheels 34

Complex Circuit and Its Thevenin Equivalent a b LM 324 Operational Amplifier Circuit Thevenin Equivalent Circuit Of LM 324 35

Complex Circuit and Its Thevenin Equivalent 36

Open Circuit Voltage and Short Circuit Current 37

Determining the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit a Vs + _ b 38

Determining the Thevenin Resistance Method 1: Voc and Isc Method a Vs + _ b 39

Determining the Thevenin Resistance Method 2: Equivalent Resistance Method a Vs + _ b 40

Determining the Thevenin Resistance Method 3: Applying a Test Voltage a Vs + _ b 41

Example Determining Thevenin Equivalent Circuit 42

Thevenin Equivalent Circuit Example 43

Thevenin Equivalent Circuit Example 44

Introduction to Electrical & Computer Engineering Maximum Power Transfer • Lee Brinton • Salt Lake Community College 45

Power Transfer to the Load Maximize Voltage Maximize Current Maximize Power RL >> Rth RL << Rth RL ? ? Rth 46

Maximum Power Transfer to the Load 47