Introduction to Data Analytics Current Challenges Course Outline

Introduction to Data Analytics, Current Challenges. Course Outline Peter Fox Data Analytics – ITWS-4600/ITWS-6600 Week 1 a, January 26, 2016, Lally 102 1

Admin info (keep/ print this slide) • • • Class: ITWS-4600/ITWS 6600 Hours: 12: 00 pm-1: 50 pm Tuesday/ Friday Location: Lally 102 Instructor: Peter Fox Instructor contact: pfox@cs. rpi. edu, 518. 276. 4862 (do not leave a msg) Contact hours: Monday** 3: 00 -4: 00 pm (or by email appt) Contact location: Winslow 2120 (sometimes Lally 207 A announced by email) TA: Rahul Divekar, divekr@rpi. edu Web site: http: //tw. rpi. edu/web/courses/Data. Analytics/2016 – Schedule, lectures, syllabus, reading, assignments, etc. – <location of data and R script fragments – coming soon> 2

Contents • • Intro – about this course Learning objectives Outline of the course Definitions and why Analytics is more than Analysis • What skills are needed • What is expected 3

Truth in Advertising 4

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Assessment and Assignments • Via written assignments with specific percentage of grade allocation provided with each assignment • Via individual oral presentations with specific percentage of grade allocation provided • Via presentations – depending on class size • Via participation in class (not to exceed 5% of total, start with 5% and lose % by not participating) • Late submission policy: first time with valid reason – no penalty, otherwise 20% of score deducted each late day. Talk to me EARLY if you are having schedule problems completing assignments 6

Assessment and Assignments • Reading assignments – Are given when needed to support key topics or to complete assignments – Will not be discussed in class unless there are questions • You will mostly perform individual work 7

Project options (examples) • • • Social networks Financial Social-economic, marketing Network/ security data Linked data Competitions (Web and local) 8

Objectives • Introduce students to relevant methods to recognize and apply quantitative algorithms, techniques and interpretation • To develop students' strategic thinking skills, combined with a solid technical foundation in data and model-driven decision-making. • Develop ability to apply critical and analytical methods to formulate and solve science, engineering, medical, and business problems • In groups, students will identify qualitative problems and apply content analytics • Students will examine real-world examples to place data-mining techniques in context, to develop data-analytic thinking, and to illustrate that proper application is as much an art as it is a science. • By the end of the course, students can effectively communicate analytic findings to non-specialists • Decision making under uncertainty, how optimize models that incorporate random parameters: static stochastic optimization, two-stage optimization with recourse, chance-constrained optimization, and sequential decision making, weak models, mixed models 9

Learning Objectives • Through class lectures, practical sessions, written and oral presentation assignments and projects, students should: – Students to demonstrate knowledge of relevant analytic methods, and to recognize and apply quantitative algorithms, techniques and interpret results – Students to demonstrategic thinking skills, combined with a solid technical foundation in data and model-driven decision-making. – Students to develop ability to apply critical and analytical methods to formulate and solve science, engineering, medical, and business problems – Students will examine real-world examples to place data-mining techniques in context, to develop data-analytic thinking, and to illustrate that proper application is as much an art as it is a science. – Students must effectively communicate analytic findings to non-specialists. – [graduate level] Students must develop and demonstrate a working knowledge of decision making under uncertainty, be able to build optimization models that incorporate random parameters: static stochastic optimization, two-stage optimization with recourse, chance-constrained optimization, and sequential decision making. 10

Undergraduates/ Grads • Graduate students are assessed at: – Higher level of demonstration – Additional questions or tasks in assignments • Undergraduates are welcome to complete these higher requirements to extra grade • Extra points for outstanding/ above and beyond are given** 11

Academic Integrity • Student-teacher relationships are built on trust. For example, students must trust that teachers have made appropriate decisions about the structure and content of the courses they teach, and teachers must trust that the assignments that students turn in are their own. Acts, which violate this trust, undermine the educational process. The Rensselaer Handbook of Student Rights and Responsibilities defines various forms of Academic Dishonesty and you should make yourself familiar with these. In this class, all assignments that are turned in for a grade must represent the student’s own work. In cases where help was received, or teamwork was allowed, a notation on the assignment should indicate your collaboration. • Submission of any assignment that is in violation of this policy will result in a penalty. If found in violation of the academic dishonesty policy, students may be subject to two types of penalties. The instructor administers an academic (grade) penalty of full loss of grade for the work in violation, and the student may also enter the Institute judicial process and be subject to such additional sanctions as: warning, probation, suspension, expulsion, and alternative actions as defined in the current Handbook of Student Rights and Responsibilities. • If you have any question concerning this policy before submitting an assignment, please ask for clarification. 12

Current Syllabus/Schedule • Web site: http: //tw. rpi. edu/web/courses/Data. Analytics/2 016 13

Questions so far? 14

Introductions • Who you are, background? • Why you are here? • What you expect to learn? 15

The nature of the challenge 16

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Perspective • People make decisions every day and increasingly they are using computers to assist them. • Knowledge is power: – Or accurate/ reliable knowledge is actionable • Gaining knowledge and how to use that knowledge - from (often multiple ones) information and data sources • A model = formula/ equation that could depend on parameters and variables 19

So what are we talking about? 20

Definitions (at least for this course) • Data - are encodings that represent the qualitative or quantitative attributes of a variable or set of variables. • Data (plural of "datum", which is seldom used) - are typically the results of measurements, computations, or observations and can be the basis of graphs, images of a set of variables. • Data - are often viewed as the lowest level of abstraction from which information and knowledge are derived*** 21

And then there is Big Data 22

~ Data for this course • Face. Book 100 - Facebook networks (from a date in Sept. 2005) for 100 colleges and universities. These files only include intraschool links. Anonymized. Well curated. Very good quality. Matlab. • NY Housing datasets • Many from R packages • Linked data – logd. tw. rpi. edu/datasets, e. g. EPA Facility Register System for each U. S. state. Linked. Quality unknown. RDF. 23

A view from IBM … • “Anyone who wants to learn something about data analytics should take a road trip. Myriad real-time decisions must be made based on analysis of static information as well as ever-changing conditions. Data about traffic, weather, road construction, fuel, time, current location and available funds are just a few of the factors. ” • This information and much more are needed to answer questions like: – If I skip this gas station, will I run out of gas before the next one? – Is it worth driving 50 miles out of the way to see the Corn Palace? How late will that side trip make us? – Can I make it to Billings, Mont. , by sunset or should I look for a place to stop? 24

Case Studies (warming up) • Sports Analytics – Moneyball (http: //www. imdb. com/title/tt 1210166/), Nate Silver (http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nate_Silver) • Google Analytics http: //www. marketingscoop. com/google-analyticscasestudy. htm • Marketing Analytics – products for pregnant (women) • Amazon Recommender – “If you liked, …” • http: //www. slideshare. net/lsakoda/case-studiesutilizing-real-time-data-analytics 25

Data… • Finding it … • Getting ready to use it … yes, on your laptop! • Using it: – Big data technologies: Hadoop (Map. Reduce) + Pig, HDFS, HIVE – see http: //projects. apache. org/indexes/category. html# database – No. SQL, Graph, Hbase, Cassandra, Mongo DB, Riak, Couch. DB – MPP Databases: Storm, Drill, Dremel 26

Analysis • Software packages / environments: – Gnu R – Rstudio • Extensive libraries • Going from preliminary to initial analysis… • Parametric (assumes or asserts a probability distribution) and non-parametric statistics 27

What is "statistics"? • The term "statistics" has two common meanings, which we want to clearly separate: descriptive and inferential statistics. • But to understand the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics, we must first be clear on the difference between populations and samples. Courtesy Marshall Ma (and prior sources) 28

Populations and samples • A population is a set of well-defined objects – We must be able to say, for every object, if it is in the population or not – We must be able, in principle, to find every individual of the population A geographic example of a population is all pixels in a multi-spectral satellite image • A sample is a subset of a population – We must be able to say, for every object in the population, if it is in the sample or not – Sampling is the process of selecting a sample from a population Continuing the example, a sample from this population could be a set of pixels from known ground truth points Courtesy Marshall Ma (and prior sources) 29

Populations and samples • A population = “all” of the data, if you can get it (BIG Data) – This is what is different about the methods you use • A sample = “some” of the data, and you may not know how representative it is – This is what limits analysis but certainly the development of models Courtesy Marshall Ma (and prior sources) 30

What do we mean by "statistics"? • Two common uses of the word: • Descriptive statistics: numerical summaries of samples – i. e. , what was observed – Note the ‘sample’ may be exhaustive, i. e. , identical to the population • Inferential statistics: from samples to populations – i. e. , what could have been or will be observed in a larger population Example: Descriptive "The adjustments of 14 GPS control points for this orthorectification ranged from 3. 63 to 8. 36 m with an arithmetic mean of 5. 145 m" Inferential "The mean adjustment for any set of GPS points taken under specified conditions and used for orthorectification is no less than 4. 3 and no more than 6. 1 m; this statement has a 5% probability of being wrong" Courtesy Marshall Ma (and prior sources) 31

Patterns and Relationships • Stepping from elementary/ distribution analysis to algorithmic-based analysis • Often: data mining: classification, clustering, rules; machine learning; support vector machine, non-parametric models • Outcome: model and an evaluation of its fitness for purpose 32

Prediction • • Choosing applicable models Combining models Confidence levels Multi-variate • Future, event, pattern • Past event, relation • Etc. 33

Prescription • Decisions and Effects: What should you do and why? “Business Rules” • Benefit or mitigate or adapt? [Personal e. g. ] • Builds on Prediction, often involves scenarios and post-analysis 34

Summary • We’ll work our way through the stages of analytics • We’ll use current both laptop installed software and some server data infrastructures for analytics to give you practical experience • We’ll cover algorithms, models, and software to use them • Aim: ~ Tuesday lecture, Friday hands-on lab and interactions • Course will be “adapted” as we go (“different” people in the class this year) 35

Just for fun… 36

Traversal for new patterns 37

Smart visual exploration 38

Skills needed • Database or data structures • Literacy with computers and applications that can handle the data we will use • Pick up R programming, terminology and syntax • Ability to access internet, servers and retrieve/ acquire data, install/ configure software • Presentation of proposal projects and assignment results 39

Tentative assignment structure (no exam) • Assignment 1: Review of a DA Case Study. Due ~ week 2 (Friday). 10% (written/ discuss; individual); • Assignment 2: Datasets and data infrastructures – lab assignment. Due ~ week 3. 10% (lab; individual); • Assignment 3: Preliminary and Statistical Analysis. Due ~ week 4. 15% (15% written and 0% oral; individual); • Assignment 4: Pattern, trend, relations: model development and evaluation. Due ~ week 5. 15% (10% written and 5% oral; individual); • Assignment 5: Term project proposal. Due ~ week 6. 5% (0% written and 5% oral; individual); • Assignment 6: Predictive and Prescriptive Analytics. Due ~ week 8. 15% (15% written and 5% oral; individual); 40 • Term project. Due ~ week 13. 30% (25% written, 5% oral; individual).

What is expected • Attend class, complete assignments, participate • Ask questions, offer answers in class • Work individually on assignments • In a group at your table, learn from each other, help each other) Work constructively in class sessions • Next class is Jan. 29 – Introduction or refresher to statistics 41

Reading/ watching • Sports Analytics – Moneyball (http: //www. imdb. com/title/tt 1210166/), • Nate Silver (http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nate_Silver) • Google Analytics http: //www. marketingscoop. com/google-analyticscasestudy. htm • http: //www. slideshare. net/lsakoda/case-studiesutilizing-real-time-data-analytics • http: //www. marketquotient. com/case-studies. html • http: //www. ibm. com/analytics/us/en/case-studies/ • More in the Assignment (on Web) 42

Reference Material • See on Website after class 14 reading section • Data Analytics – various intro material • Using R 43

Files • TBD • This is where the files for assignments, exercise will be placed – data, code (fragments), etc. 44

Assignment 1 • Choose a DA case study from a) readings, or b) your choice (must be approved by me) • Read it and provide a short written review/ critique (business case, area of application, approach/ methods, tools used, results, actions, benefits). Hand in a written report. • Be prepared to discuss it on class on Friday 5 th. . • Details on the Web site (under Reading/Assignments; Week 1) 45

Gnu R • http: //lib. stat. cmu. edu/R/CRAN/ - load this first • http: //cran. r-project. org/doc/manuals/R-lang. html • R Studio – see R-intro. html in manualshttp: //www. rstudio. com/ide/download/ – Manuals - Libraries – at the command line – library(), or select the packages tab, and check/ uncheck as needed 46

• Exercises – getting data in – try before Friday? Rstudio – read in csv file (two ways to do this) GPW 3_GRUMP_Summary. Information_2010. csv – Read in excel file (directly or by csv convert) 2010 EPI_data. xls (2010 EPI_data tab) – See if you can plot some variables – Anything in common between them? 47