Introduction to Corrections Chapter One Corrections Today 6

Introduction to Corrections Chapter One

Corrections Today • 6. 7 million adults under supervision (2002)

Percentage of sentenced offenders under each type of supervision

Prisoners in Federal & State Prisons/Jails

Corrections Defined • “includes all government agencies, facilities, programs, personnel, and techniques concerned with the intake, custody, confinement, supervision, or treatment, or presentencing or pre-disposition investigation of alleged or adjudicated adult offenders, delinquents, or status offenders. ”

Current Trends • Increasing numbers of adults in correctional programs

Current Trends • Expected to go to prison during their lifetime (if current rates do not change): • Women: numbers have increased 42 percent (vs. 27% for men) between 1995 and 2002

Punishment Philosophies

Retribution The belief that punishment must retaliate for a harm or wrong to another.

Deterrence • Certain and severe punishment can discourage future crime by the offender and by others.

Rehabilitation • Providing psychological or education assistance or job training to offenders makes them less likely to engage in future criminality.

Incapacitation Separating offenders from the community to reduce the opportunity for further crime while they are incarcerated.

Other philosophies • Isolation: • Reintegration: • Restitution: • Restoration:

The Outlook • Current Mood: punish, punish – Policymakers/Politicians:

The Outlook

annual cost person The Costs of Housing

cost per bed The Costs of Construction

Criminological Theories • A quick recap

Criminological Theory • Biological: • IQ: • Psychological:

Criminological Theory • Rational Choice: • Social disorganization: • Differential Association (Shaw & Mc. Kay):

Criminological Theory • Social control: • Anomie/Strain:

Correctional Programs

Correctional Programs • Community-based programs • Intermediate Sanction programs

Correctional Programs • Institutional-placement programs