Introduction to Connectives n n Connectives vs Conjunctions

Introduction to Connectives n n Connectives vs. Conjunctions Function vs. Translation “The point here is to interpret each conjunction as far as possible so that its precise function may be clear” (Robertson, A Grammar, 1177). n Author’s instructions on relating two things together Prominence Marking in the GNT

Introduction to Connectives n n n Each serves a unique function, regardless of translation to English Indicators of authorial intent Author’s instructions Prominence Marking in the GNT

Asyndeton n n Simplest, unmarked connection Joins two items of equal status Nouns, as in a list n Clauses n Paragraphs n n Default connective in non-narrative Prominence Marking in the GNT

Καί n n Forms the default for narrative (except John) Joins two items of equal status Nouns n Clauses n Paragraphs n n n + Continuity or Close connection Adverbial Καί Prominence Marking in the GNT

Processing discourse ORDOYOUNOTKNOWBRETHRENFORIAM SPEAKINGTOTHOSEWHOKNOWTHELA WTHATTHELAWHASJURISDICTIONOVE RAPERSONASLONGASHELIVESFORTHE � FORTHE MARRIEDWOMANISBOUNDBYLAWTOH ERHUSBANDWHILEHEISLIVINGBUTIFH ERHUSBANDDIESSHEISRELEASEDFRO MTHELAWCONCERNINGTHEHUSBAND� SOTHENIFWHILEHERHUSBANDISLIVIN Prominence Marking in the GNT

Processing discourse ordoyounotknowbrethrenforiamspeakingtothose whoknowthelawthatthelawhasjurisdictionovera personaslongashelivesforthemarriedwomanisb � forthemarriedwomanisb oundbylawtoherhusbandwhileheislivingbutifhe rhusbanddiessheisreleasedfromthelawconcerni ngthehusbandsothenifwhileherhusbandisliving � sothenifwhileherhusbandisliving sheisjoinedtoanothermansheshallbecalledanadu lteressbutifherhusbanddiessheisfreefromthelaw sothatsheisnotanadulteressthoughsheisjoinedto anotherman Prominence Marking in the GNT

Processing discourse or do you not know brethren for i am speaking to those who know the law that the law has jurisdiction over a person as long as he lives� for the married woman is bound by law to her husband while he is living but if her husband dies she is released from the law concerning the husband so � so then if while her husband is living she is joined to another man she shall be called an adulteress but if her husband dies she is free from the law so that she is not an Prominence in the GNT to another man adulteress though she. Marking is joined

Processing discourse Or. Do. You. Not. Know. Brethren. For. IAm. Speaking. To Those. Who. Know. The. Law. That. The. Law. Has. Juris diction. Over. APerson. As. Long. As. He. Lives. For. The � For. The Married. Woman. Is. Bound. By. Law. To. Her. Husband While. He. Is. Living. But. If. Her. Husband. Dies. She. Is. R eleased. From. The. Law. Concerning. The. Husband. S � o. Then. If. While. Her. Husband. Is. Living. She. Is. Joined To. Another. Man. She. Shall. Be. Called. An. Adulteres s. But. If. Her. Husband. Dies. She. Is. Free. From. The. Law So. That. She. Is. Not. An. Adulteress. Though. She. Is. Joi Prominence Marking in the GNT

Processing discourse 7: 1 Or do you not know, brethren (for I am speaking to those who know the law), that the law has jurisdiction over a person as long as he lives? 2�� For the married woman is bound by law to her husband while he is living; but if her husband dies, she is released from the law concerning the husband. 3�� So then if, while her husband is living, she is joined to another man, she shall be called an adulteress; but if her husband dies, she is free from the law, Prominence Marking in the GNT

Processing discourse Or do you not know, brethren (for I am speaking to those who know the law), that the law has jurisdiction over a person as long as he lives? For the married woman is bound by law to her husband while he is living; but if her husband dies, she is released from the law concerning the husband. So then if, while her husband is living, she is joined to another man, she shall be called an adulteress; Prominence Marking in the GNT

Processing discourse n Processing at higher levels Prominence Marking in the GNT

Δέ n Joins two items of equal status Nouns n Clauses n Paragraphs n n n - Continuity or Close connection + Development (“Mind the gap”) Prominence Marking in the GNT

Narrative Τοτε τε n n n Adverb Marks development in narrative, esp. Matthew + Development Specifies kind of development: temporal Matthew 2: 1 -10 Prominence Marking in the GNT

Οὖν n Joins two items of equal status Clauses n Paragraphs n n n + Continuity or Close connection + Development Inferentially drawn or concluded from preceding Romans 5: 1 Prominence Marking in the GNT

Διά τοῦτο n Joins two items of equal status Clauses n Paragraphs n n n + Continuity or Close connection + Development Specifies kind of development: causal relation Luke 12: 22 Prominence Marking in the GNT

Γα ρ n Joins two items of equal status n n n n Clauses Paragraphs + Continuity or Close connection - Development Specifies kind of relation: strengthening or support. Does not advance the argument Matthew 10: 19 -20 Prominence Marking in the GNT

Με ν n Joins two items of equal status n n n n Clauses Paragraphs + Continuity or Close connection - Development + Forward-pointing Specifies kind of relation: expectation Luke 10: 2 Prominence Marking in the GNT

Ἀλλά n Joins two items of equal status n n n n Phrases/Clauses Paragraphs - Continuity or Close connection - Development - Forward-pointing Specifies kind of relation: replacing or correcting 1 Peter 3: 15 Prominence Marking in the GNT

Connectives Summary-Phil 3 Prominence Marking in the GNT