Introduction to Concrete Design and Control of Concrete

Introduction to Concrete Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures – Chapter 1

Overview n Industry Trends n The Beginning of an Industry n Sustainable Development n Essentials of Quality Concrete

What is Concrete?

Industry Trends n Cement Consumption n Pavements n Bridges n Buildings

Cement Industry n 97 plants in 36 states n 57% of capacity held by top 5 companies n 80% of capacity is foreign owned

Cement Consumption n 68. 4 MMT consumed in 2009 n 2/3 of consumption between May and October n 72% of consumption is ready mixed concrete

Shipping

Markets and Applications for Concrete (PCA 2010).

Primary Markets

The Beginning of an Industry

Natural Cement n 18 th century – John Smeaton n Hydraulic cement versus Nonhydraulic cement n “Natural cement”

Joseph Aspdin

Sustainable Development Concrete is the basis of much of civilization’s infrastructure and much of its physical development. Twice as much concrete is used throughout the world than all other building materials combined. It is a fundamental building material to municipal infrastructure, transportation infrastructure, office buildings, and homes

Essentials of Quality Concrete n Suitable Materials n Mixing n Transporting n Placement and Consolidation n Finishing and Jointing n Hydration and Curing n Design-Workmanship-Environment

Suitable Materials

Suitable Materials

Water-Cementitious Materials Ratio

Summary n Industry Trends n The Beginning of an Industry n Sustainable Development n Essentials of Quality Concrete

Question s ?