Introduction to Computers What is a Computer Computer

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Introduction to Computers

Introduction to Computers

What is a Computer?

What is a Computer?

Computer • Is a programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve and process data.

Computer • Is a programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve and process data.

What is a System?

What is a System?

System • Is a combination of components working together.

System • Is a combination of components working together.

What is a Computer System?

What is a Computer System?

Computer System • Is a group of elements performing together to process data.

Computer System • Is a group of elements performing together to process data.

Three Components of a Computer • Hardware – Refers to the physical components of

Three Components of a Computer • Hardware – Refers to the physical components of the computer system • Software- is a computer program • Peopleware- Is the one who uses computer

Classification of Computers • Mainframes • Minicomputers • Microcomputers

Classification of Computers • Mainframes • Minicomputers • Microcomputers

Mainframes • Is large, expensive, very powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands

Mainframes • Is large, expensive, very powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously. • These are characterized by large internal memory storage and a comprehensive range of software and peripheral equipment that may be connected.

Mainframes

Mainframes

Minicomputers • Is a class of multi-user computers that lies in the middle range

Minicomputers • Is a class of multi-user computers that lies in the middle range of the computing spectrum, in between the largest multi-user system (mainframe computers) and the smallest single-user systems (microcomputers or personal computers). • Can support up to 4, 000 connected users at the same time.

Minicomputers

Minicomputers

Microcomputers • Is a computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit. They

Microcomputers • Is a computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit. They are physically small compared to mainframe and minicomputers.

Microcomputers

Microcomputers

Classification of Hardware • Peripheral Devices • Central Processing Unit • Mass Storage System

Classification of Hardware • Peripheral Devices • Central Processing Unit • Mass Storage System

Peripheral Devices • Is any external device attached to the central portion of the

Peripheral Devices • Is any external device attached to the central portion of the computer. • Examples: Keyboards, Monitors, printers, modem

Central Processing Unit • Is that part of a computer that performs calculations and

Central Processing Unit • Is that part of a computer that performs calculations and controls the other parts of the computer. • The “brain” of the computer

Mass Storage System • Is where you put the data you need immediately at

Mass Storage System • Is where you put the data you need immediately at hand • Designed to hold megabytes and retrieve them

Types of Peripheral Devices • Input Devices- are used to put data into your

Types of Peripheral Devices • Input Devices- are used to put data into your program such as keyboard, mouse, penlight, scanner and joystick • Output Devices- are used to display and generate information such as monitor, printer, and speaker • Input and Output Devices- are used both for entering data into and extracting data from a computer such as touch screen.

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Motherboard- is the printed circuit board in

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Motherboard- is the printed circuit board in the computer system that holds the microprocessor, additional processor chips, the BIOS ROM, expansion slots, and the wires that composes the bus.

Motherboard

Motherboard

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Memory- is the internal storage area in

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Memory- is the internal storage area in the computer

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • CD ROM DRIVE

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • CD ROM DRIVE

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • DVD ROM Drive

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • DVD ROM Drive

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Hard Drive

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Hard Drive

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Floppy Drive

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Floppy Drive

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Power Supply- is a supply electrical power

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Power Supply- is a supply electrical power

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • CPU- or the processor is the portion

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • CPU- or the processor is the portion of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program, and is the primary element carrying out the computer’s functions.

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Computer fan- is any fan inside a

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Computer fan- is any fan inside a computer case used for cooling purposes, and may refer to fans that draw cooler air into the case from the outside, expel warm air from inside, or move air across a heat sink to cool a particular component.

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Heat Sink- is a colloquial term for

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Heat Sink- is a colloquial term for a component or assembly that transfers heat generated within a solid material to a fluid medium, such as air or liquid.

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Video Card- is an expansion card whose

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Video Card- is an expansion card whose function is to generate and output images to a display.

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Modem- is a device that modulates an

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Modem- is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information.

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Sound Card- is a computer expansion card

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Sound Card- is a computer expansion card that facilitates the input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs.

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Ribbon Cable- is a cable with many

Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Ribbon Cable- is a cable with many conducting wires running parallel to each other on the same flat pane.

Types of Memory • RAM (Random Access Memory) – is also known as the

Types of Memory • RAM (Random Access Memory) – is also known as the main memory. You can both write data into and read data from RAM. - It is volatile, which means that it requires a steady flow of electricity to maintain its contents. -When the power is turned off, whatever data was in RAM is lost.

Types of Memory • ROM (Read-only Memory) – cannot be written to. Computers almost

Types of Memory • ROM (Read-only Memory) – cannot be written to. Computers almost always contain some read-only memory that holds instructions for starting up the computer.

Classification of Software • System Software- is the software that controls application processing and

Classification of Software • System Software- is the software that controls application processing and hardware resources such as memory, disk space, and peripheral devices. • Application Software- is a program that is created to assist users with a specific task. Programs to perform word processing, manipulate spreadsheets, manage database, and communicate with other computers are some of the popular applications.

Classification of Software's • Programming Language- is an artificial language designed to express computations

Classification of Software's • Programming Language- is an artificial language designed to express computations that can be performed by a machine, particularly a computer.

Types of System Software • Operating System- is the software on a computer that

Types of System Software • Operating System- is the software on a computer that manages the way different programs use its hardware, and regulates the ways that a user controls the computer.

Types of System Software • Utilities- is designed to help analyze, configure, optimize and

Types of System Software • Utilities- is designed to help analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the computer. A single piece of utility software is usually called a utility or tool. - focuses on how the computer infrastructure (including the computer hardware, OS, application software and data storage) operates.

Types of Application Software • • Wordprocessor Spreadsheet Database Management System Graphics Desktop Publisher

Types of Application Software • • Wordprocessor Spreadsheet Database Management System Graphics Desktop Publisher Games Educational Accounting Package

Wordprocessor

Wordprocessor

Spreadsheet

Spreadsheet

Database Management System

Database Management System

Graphics

Graphics

Desktop Publisher

Desktop Publisher

Educational

Educational

Accounting Package

Accounting Package

Types of Programming Languages according to generation: • First Generation Language-Machine Language • Second

Types of Programming Languages according to generation: • First Generation Language-Machine Language • Second Generation Language- Assembly Language • Third Generation Language- Basic, Pascal, C, COBOL, Fortan • Fourth Generation Language- SQL, Power. Builder • Fifth Generation Language- Visual C++, Delphi, VB, Visual Fox. Pro

Types of Programming Languages according to Level: • • • Lowest Level- Machine Language

Types of Programming Languages according to Level: • • • Lowest Level- Machine Language Low Level- Assembly Language Middle Level- C, C++ High Level- Basic, Pascal, COBOL, Fox. Pro Highest Level- Human Language or Natural Language

PC Start-Up Sequence • POST- Power On Self Test- is the first program executed

PC Start-Up Sequence • POST- Power On Self Test- is the first program executed when a PC is turned on or reset. When the post completes, the computer emits a beep or several beeps. • MS-DOS • Windows 95

Boot and Reboot Procedure • Warm Reboot • Cold Reboot

Boot and Reboot Procedure • Warm Reboot • Cold Reboot

What is a Network?

What is a Network?

Network • Is a collection of computers and devices connected by communications channels that

Network • Is a collection of computers and devices connected by communications channels that facilitates communications among users and allows users to share resources with other users.

Advantages of Networking • Peripheral Sharing • File Sharing • Security

Advantages of Networking • Peripheral Sharing • File Sharing • Security

Types of Network • Local Area Network (LAN) • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) •

Types of Network • Local Area Network (LAN) • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) • Wide Area Network (WAN)

Local Area Network (LAN) • Is a network that connects computers and devices in

Local Area Network (LAN) • Is a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as home, school, computer laboratory, office building, or closely positioned group of buildings.

LAN is made up of the ff: • • File Server Clients or Workstations

LAN is made up of the ff: • • File Server Clients or Workstations Network Interface Cards Cable Protocol Software Network Software Operating System Software

Local Area Network

Local Area Network

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) • Is a large computer network that usually spans a

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) • Is a large computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus. - interconnects a number of LAN using a highcapacity backbone technology, such as fiberoptical links, provides up-link services to WAN and the Internet.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Wide Area Network • Is a computer network that covers a large geographical area

Wide Area Network • Is a computer network that covers a large geographical area such as a city, country, or spans even intercontinental distances, using transmission facilities provided by a common carriers, such as telephone companies.

Wide Area Network

Wide Area Network

What is E-mail?

What is E-mail?

E-mail • Is a method of exchanging digital messages.

E-mail • Is a method of exchanging digital messages.

 • Email Address – is the location where e-mail messages can be sent

• Email Address – is the location where e-mail messages can be sent to a user. -Consists of : v. User Name v. Internet Address separated by an @ sign Ex. juandelacruz@yahoo. com

What is Internet?

What is Internet?

Internet • Is called the network of networks because it is the largest collection

Internet • Is called the network of networks because it is the largest collection of interconnected networks in the world.