Introduction to Computers 2132022 1 Reference Book Introduction

Introduction to Computers 2/13/2022 1

Reference Book Introduction to Computers By Peter Norton Tata Mc. Graw-Hill 2/13/2022 2

Today’s Session n n What is a computer? . Why is computer so powerful n n n Characteristics of a computer Limitation of a computer Parts of a computer system. n n n 2/13/2022 Hardware Software Data & People 3

What Is A Computer? n A computer is an electronic device, n n n 2/13/2022 operating under the control of instructions (software) stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input), manipulate data (process), and produce information (output) from the processing. . 4

What Does A Computer Do? n Computers can perform four general operations, which comprise the information processing cycle. n n Input Process Output Storage 2/13/2022 . 5

Why Is A Computer So Powerful? n n n Speed Reliability Accuracy Huge power of Remembering Networking 2/13/2022 . 6

Limitations of Computer n No IQ n n n Computer is a dumb machine and it cannot do any work without instruction from the user. We have to decide what to do and in what sequence. No Feeling n n 2/13/2022 It does not have feelings or emotion, taste, knowledge and experience. It does not distinguish between users. 7

Parts of a computer 2/13/2022 8

Parts of a computer n A complete computer system includes four distinct parts: n n 2/13/2022 Hardware Software Data People / User 9

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Hardware 2/13/2022 11

Hardware n n A computer's hardware consists of electronic devices; the parts we can see and touch. The term "device" refers to any piece of hardware used by the computer, such as a keyboard, monitor, modem, mouse, etc. 2/13/2022 12

Devices that comprise a computer system Monitor (output) Speaker (output) System unit (processor, memory…) Printer (output) Storage devices (CD-RW, Floppy, Hard disk, zip, …) Scanner (input) 2/13/2022 Mouse (input) Keyboard (input) 13

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What Are The Primary Components Of A Computer ? n n n Input devices Central Processing Unit (containing the control unit and the arithmetic/logic unit) Memory Output devices. Storage devices 2/13/2022 15

Input Devices Keyboard. n Mouse n 2/13/2022 16

The Keyboard n The most commonly used input device is the keyboard on which data is entered by manually keying in or typing certain keys. A keyboard typically has 101 or 105 keys. n 2/13/2022 17

The Mouse n Is a pointing device which is used to control the movement of a mouse pointer on the screen to make selections from the screen. A mouse has one to five buttons. The bottom of the mouse is flat and contains a mechanism that detects movement of the mouse. 2/13/2022 18

The Central processing Unit n The central processing unit (CPU) contains electronic circuits that cause processing to occur. The CPU interprets instructions to the computer, performs the logical and arithmetic processing operations, and causes the input and output operations to occur. It is considered the “brain” of the computer. 2/13/2022 19

Memory n n 2/13/2022 Memory also called Random Access Memory or RAM (temporary memory) is the main memory of the computer. It consists of electronic components that store data including numbers, letters of the alphabet, graphics and sound. Any information stored in RAM is lost when the computer is turned off. Read Only Memory or ROM is memory that is etched on a chip that has start-up directions for your computer. It is permanent memory. 20

Output Devices n n 2/13/2022 Output devices make the information resulting from the processing available for use. The two output devices more commonly used are the printer and the computer screen. The printer produces a hard copy of your output, and the computer screen produces a soft copy of your output. 21

Storage Devices n Auxiliary storage devices are used to store data. The most common types of auxiliary storage used on personal computers are floppy disks, hard disks and CD-ROM drives. 2/13/2022 22

Floppy Disks n A floppy disk is a portable, inexpensive storage medium that consists of a thin, circular, flexible plastic disk with a magnetic coating enclosed in a square-shaped plastic shell. 2/13/2022 23

Floppy Disks 2/13/2022 24

Hard Disks n n n Another form of auxiliary storage is a hard disk. A hard disk consists of one or more rigid metal plates coated with a metal oxide material that allows data to be magnetically recorded on the surface of the platters. The hard disk platters spin at a high rate of speed, typically 5400 to 7200 revolutions per minute (RPM). Storage capacities of hard disks for personal computers range from 10 GB to 360 GB (one billion bytes are called a gigabyte). 2/13/2022 25

Hard Disks 2/13/2022 26

Compact Discs n n n A compact disk (CD), also called an optical disc, is a flat round, portable storage medium that is usually 4. 75 inch in diameter. Uses the laser technology. CD-R/RW n n 650 -800 MB (Read/Write) DVD-R/RW n n 4. 6 GB single layer 8. 5 GB dual layer 2/13/2022 27

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Computer Software 2/13/2022 29

How Does a Computer Know what to do? n n n It must be given a detailed list of instructions, called a compute program or software, that tells it exactly what to do Before processing a specific job, the computer program corresponding to that job must be stored in memory. Once the program is stored in memory the computer can start the operation by executing the program instructions one after the other 2/13/2022 30

Computer Software 2/13/2022 31

Computer Software n n Computer software is the key to productive use of computers. Software can be categorized into two types: System software n n Operating System Application software. 2/13/2022 32

Operating System Software n n Operating system software tells the computer how to perform the functions of loading, storing and executing an application and how to transfer data. Examples … 2/13/2022 33

Application Software n Application Software consists of programs that tell a computer how to produce information. Some of the more commonly used packages are: n n 2/13/2022 Word processing Electronic spreadsheet Presentation graphics Database 34

Word Processing n n Word Processing software is used to create and print documents. A key advantage of word processing software is that users easily can make changes in documents. MS-WORD 2/13/2022 35

Electronic Spreadsheets n n Electronic spreadsheet software allows the user to add, subtract, and perform user-defined calculations on rows and columns of numbers. These numbers can be changed and the spreadsheet quickly recalculates the new results. MS-EXCEL 2/13/2022 36

Presentation Graphics n n Presentation graphic software allows the user to create documents called slides to be used in making the presentations. Using special projection devices, the slides display as they appear on the computer screen. MS-POWERPOINT 2/13/2022 37

Database Software n n Allows the user to enter, retrieve, and update data in an organized and efficient manner, with flexible inquiry and reporting capabilities. MS-ACCESS 2/13/2022 38

Which is most important n For a Management Graduate which tool is the most important. n n 2/13/2022 MS-Word MS-Excel MS-Power. Point MS-Access 39

Data & People 2/13/2022 40

Data n Data consists of raw facts, which the computer can manipulate and process into information that is useful to people. 2/13/2022 41

THANK YOU 2/13/2022 42