Introduction to Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including

Introduction to Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Including History Lecture b This material (Comp 4 Unit 1) was developed by Oregon Health & Science University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number 90 WT 0001. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non. Commercial-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4. 0/.

Basic Computing Concepts Including History Learning Objectives - 1 • Define what a computer is (Lecture a) • Describe different types of computers, including PCs, mobile devices, and embedded computers (Lecture a) • Define common elements of computer systems (Lecture a) 2

Basic Computing Concepts Including History Learning Objectives - 2 • Describe typical hardware and software options for desktop, laptop, and server systems for home and business use with an emphasis on health care systems (Lecture b) • Explain the development of computers and the Internet, including health care systems, up to the present time (Lectures c and d) 3

Very Important • Keep up-to-date with new technology • Read reviews in current magazines (PC, PC World, Computerworld, etc. ) • Online sites provide latest information https: //www. cnet. com/reviews/ http: //www. tomshardware. com/ http: //www. extremetech. com/ http: //arstechnica. com/reviews/ http: //www. anandtech. com/ 4

Selecting a Computer - 1 • “Best” computer depends on needs – Users – Applications – Storage – Mobility – Budget • Technology improves quickly! Shopping cart (WPClipart, nd. ) 5

Selecting a Computer - 2 • Determine a budget • Assess requirements for applications you need • Determine amount of storage needed • Research online, using upto-date reviews and buying guides Money (WIPClipart, nd. ) 6

Options for Computer Systems Home/Business User (2016) • Desktop with $1, 000 budget (with monitor) – 6 th Gen Intel® Core™ i 5 -6300 HQ Processor – 23. 8" LED-Backlit Touch Display – 3 D Camera and FHD Camera – 12 GB of RAM – 1 TB hard drive – Wireless 802. 11 ac + Bluetooth 4. 0 – Windows 10 OS • Upgrades available for memory and hard drives 7

Options for Desktops • Case Tower ‒ All in one ‒ • Video Card Tower Case (Machovka, 2006) Cheaper: Integrated video ‒ Pricier/faster: Discrete card with own memory ‒ (left) All in One (© Apple, nd. ) (right) Small Form Factor Case (© Apple, nd. ) 8

Options for Laptops - 1 • Laptop with $1, 000 budget (2016) ‒ 17. 3 inch monitor ‒ Intel i 7 -6700 HQ ‒ ‒ Quad-Core Processor 16 GB RAM 1 TB hard drive Blu-Ray burner 3 USB ports ‒ NVIDIA Geforce GTX 960 M ‒ 802. 11 ac Wi-Fi ‒ Bluetooth 4. 0 ‒ Windows 10 Laptop (Public domain, nd. ) 9

Options for Laptops - 2 • Hard Drive – Traditional hard disk drive Inexpensive o Moving platter o • Optical drives – DVD no longer standard on laptops – Blu-ray drives are available – Solid state drive No moving parts, cooler o Longer lifetime, faster access to the data o More expensive o 10

Options for Laptops - 3 • Network ‒ Modem • Extra battery • Travel mouse ‒ Ethernet ‒ Wireless ‒ Bluetooth • Docking Station ‒ Connect laptop to keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer Laptop docked to a docking station (Betts, 2007) 11

Options for Laptops - 4 • Netbook/Ultraportable – 9 to 12 inch display – No optical drive – Single or dual core processor (can have lowvoltage ULV CPU) • Thin and Light – 13 inch display – Dual core processor – Mac. Book • Desktop replacement – 17 -20 inch display – DVD/Blu-ray drive – Video Card – Short battery life 12

Other Considerations for PCs - 1 • Warranty – Usually 1 year for parts and labor – Repair on site vs. drop off – May need to keep boxes • Security Software – Some computers ship with security software installed – Need anti-viral, anti-spyware, anti-adware – Update your security software frequently 13

Other Considerations for PCs - 2 • Backing up – Software makes it easier to backup and restore – Can back up to external hard drive or DVD – Online services 14

Options for Printers • Ink jet ‒ Inexpensive ‒ Relatively slow ‒ Ink dries out even if not used • Laser • All-in-One ‒ Printer, copier, scanner, fax • Portable ink jet ‒ Battery/car charged ‒ More expensive (color much more expensive) ‒ Fast Printer (Public domain, nd. ) 15

Printer Specifications - 1 • Resolution – Higher resolution means sharper, more detailed output Measure in DPI o 600 x 600 DPI means 600 dots across by 600 dots down in one square inch o • Print speed – Measure in pages-per-minute (PPM) 16

Printer Specifications - 2 • Connectivity – USB – Wireless – Ethernet for group printing • Cost to print – Cost of cartridge – How many pages print before cartridge needs changing 17

Other Components • Speakers – Basic integrated speakers – External speakers of various quality and cost • Keyboard/mouse Wireless optical mouse (Public domain, nd. ) – Wired or wireless available 18

Computer Systems for Health Care Applications • Vary depending on software requirements • Typical for EMR – Server(s) hosts application, database – Local machine runs application (client) • Need – Server(s) – Client PCs – Network connection 19

Health Care Applications • Scanners – Small footprint – ID card scanner • Internet Access • Security – Network firewall • Back up systems – Security software – External hard for servers and clients drives – Online – May need offsite backup storage 20

Selecting a Server • Consider requirements; number of users • Usually contains – High end processor/multiple processors – Large amount of RAM – Large amount of storage (Redundant Array of Independent Disks, RAID) – Connection to fast network (multiple connections) • May need – Database – Web server 21

Client PCs • Desktops for fixed computer locations – Users who work at desks – Can be in exam room – Doesn't need wireless • Laptops/netbooks for mobile computing – Users can have own computer – Take it to any clinical setting – Requires wireless – Limited battery life 22

Basic Computing Concepts Including History Summary – Lecture b • Selecting a new computer depends on: – Application needs – Budget • Consider options and peripherals – Case, video card, monitor, printer, scanner • Laptop computers: options and pricing • Security software and regular backup • Typical EMRs require servers and client PCs 23

Basic Computing Concepts Including History References – 1 – Lecture b References Desktop Buying Guide. [serial on the Internet]. (2010, March 24). Retrieved from https: //www. cnet. com/topics/desktops/buying-guide/. Franklin, Eric. Monitor Buying Guide. CNET [serial on the Internet]. (2010, December 20). Retrieved from https: //www. cnet. com/topics/monitors/buying-guide/. Printer Buying Guide. CNET [serial on the Internet]. (2009, Nov 21). Retrieved from https: //www. cnet. com/topics/printers/buying-guide/. Anand. Tech Homepage. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http: //www. anandtech. com/ CNET Reviews. (n. d. ). Retrieved from https: //www. cnet. com/reviews/. Extreme Tech Homepage. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http: //www. extremetech. com/ Laptop Buying Guide. CNET [serial on the Internet]. (2010, October 5). Retrieved from https: //www. cnet. com/topics/laptops/buying-guide/. 24

Basic Computing Concepts Including History References – 2 – Lecture b References Reviews - What you need to know. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http: //arstechnica. com/reviews/. The Tech Report Homepage. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http: //techreport. com/. Tom's Hardware - The Authority on Tech Homepage. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http: //www. tomshardware. com/. Images Slide 5: Shopping cart. WPClipart (n. d. ). Retrieved from http: //wpclipart. com/food/cooking/shopping_cart. png. html. Public domain image. Slide 6: Bills and coins. WPClipart (n. d. ) Retrieved from http: //wpclipart. com/money/bills_and_coins. png. html. Public domain image. Slide 8: Computer system case. Openclipart: Machovka, (2006). Retrieved from https: //openclipart. org/detail/2154/computer-system-case. Public domain image. 25

Basic Computing Concepts Including History References – 3 – Lecture b Images Slide 8: Núverandi 2007 Intel i. Mac. Nelson, R. (2007, August 17). Retrieved November 2011, from http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Imac_2007. png. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2. 0 Generic License. Slide 8: Mac mini with Intel Core processor (small form factor case). Lawrence, C. (2006, December). Retrieved November 2011 from http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Mac_mini_Intel_Core. jpg. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2. 0 Generic License. Slide 9: Laptop. WP Clipart (nd. ). Retrieved November 2011 from http: //www. wpclipart. com/computer/laptop_glossy. png. html. Public domain image. Slide 11: Laptop docked to docking station. Betts, E. (2007, January 15). Retrieved November 2011, from http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Docking_station_2. jpg. Public domain image. Slide 15: Printer. WPClipart. (nd. ). Retrieved November, 2011 from http: //www. wpclipart. com/computer/printer. png. html. Public domain image. 26

Introduction to Computer Science Basic Computing Concepts Lecture b This material was developed by Oregon Health & Science University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number 90 WT 0001. 27