Introduction to Computer and Programming CS101 Lecture 6

Introduction to Computer and Programming CS-101 Lecture 6 By : Lecturer : Omer Salih Dawood Department of Computer Science College of Arts and Science Mr. Omer Salih Dawood 1

Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Information Technology and Systems, Flow of Control, Batch and Interactive Processing Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

Computer Science Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

Computer Science • Definition: Computer science (or computing science) is the study of theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. • Computer science began to be established as a distinct academic discipline in the 1960 s • Focuses on the process of computing through several areas of specialization, including theory, algorithms, data structures, programming concepts and languages. Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

Computer Science • • Computer Theory: Algorithms Data Structures Programming concepts and languages: Computer architecture Management information System: Software Engineering Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

Fields of computer science • • • • Mathematical foundations Theory of computation Algorithms and data structures Programming languages and compilers Concurrent, parallel, and distributed systems Software engineering System architecture Communications Databases Artificial intelligence Visual rendering (or Computer graphics) Human-Computer Interaction Scientific computing Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

Mathematical foundations • • Mathematical logic Number theory Graph theory Type theory Category theory Computational geometry Numerical analysis Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

Theory of computation • • Automata theory Computability theory Computational complexity theory Quantum computing theory Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

Algorithms and data structures • Analysis of algorithms • Algorithms • Data structures Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

Programming languages and compilers • Compilers • Interpreters • Programming languages Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

Concurrent, parallel, and distributed systems • Concurrency • Distributed computing • Parallel computing Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

Software engineering • • • Algorithm design Computer programming Formal methods Reverse engineering Software development Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

System architecture • Computer organization • Operating systems Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

Communications • Computer audio • Networking • Cryptography Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

Databases • Data mining • Relational databases Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

Artificial intelligence Artificial life Automated reasoning Computer vision Machine learning Natural language processing/Computational linguistics • Robotics • • • Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

Visual rendering (or Computer graphics) • Computer graphics • Image processing Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

Human-Computer Interaction • Human computer interaction : The study of making computers and computations useful, usable and universally accessible to people, including the study and design of computer interfaces through which people use computers. Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

Scientific computing • • Bioinformatics Cognitive Science Computational chemistry Computational neuroscience Computational physics Numerical algorithms Symbolic mathematics Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

2. computer Engineering • Definition: Computer Engineering (also called Electronic & Computer engineering or Computer Systems Engineering) is a discipline that encompasses broad areas of both electrical engineering and computer science Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

computer Engineering • Algorithms • Computer architecture and organization • Computer systems engineering • Circuits and signals • Database systems • Digital logic • Digital signal processing • Electronics • Embedded systems • Human-computer interaction • Operating systems • Programming fundamentals • Social and Professional issues • Software engineering • VLSI design and fabrication • Computer Networking • Distributed Systems • Advanced Database systems Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

Information Technology and Systems Information System: An Information System (IS) is the system of persons, data records and activities that process the data and information in a given organization, including manual processes or automated processes. Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

Applications of information systems • Information systems deal with the development, use and management of an organization's IT infrastructure. • The study of information systems, focuses on why and how technology can be put into best use to serve the information flow within an organization. Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

Decision support features MIS Many Type of decision operational maker managers Type of problem Structured Pre-designed Type of information reports on Internal operations DSS Individuals and Small groups of tactical managers Semi-structured EIS Individual strategic manager Unstructured Interactive Online access to queries and internal and responses for external specific information on problems many issues ES Individual strategic, tactical, or operational manager Structured Conclusions and recommendations for a particular complex problem Type of use Indirect Direct Phase of decision making Intelligence Design, choice Intelligence Implementation Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

Flow of Control Flow of control: Flow control is the management of data flow between computers or devices or between nodes in a network so that the data can be handled at an efficient pace. Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

Batch and Interactive Processing Batch processing: collecting jobs in a single batch and then execute them without further interaction what the user. Interactive processing: Allows a program being executed to carry on a dialogue with the user through remote terminals. Requires real-time processing. Mr. Omer Salih Dawood

Thank you for your attention Lecturer : Aasd Abd Elrashid Mr. Omer Salih Dawood