INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNISM COMMUNISM Some Questions Some Definitions

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INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNISM

INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNISM

COMMUNISM Some Questions Some Definitions NZ System of Economy and Govt. Communism: Theory and

COMMUNISM Some Questions Some Definitions NZ System of Economy and Govt. Communism: Theory and Origins Socialism v. Capitalism v. Communism Marx and History Communism in NZ Communism in Russia Put simply…

FIRSTLY… • What do we mean by government? • What ‘types’ of governing are

FIRSTLY… • What do we mean by government? • What ‘types’ of governing are there? • What ‘type’ is the NZ system of government? • What do we mean by economy? • What ‘types’ of economic systems are there? • What ‘type’ is the NZ economy?

NEW ZEALAND’S GOVERNMENT • We are a constitutional monarchy ▫ We have a Governor-General

NEW ZEALAND’S GOVERNMENT • We are a constitutional monarchy ▫ We have a Governor-General who represents the British monarchy in NZ ▫ Government is formed by a majority of political parties, led by a prime-minister and the Governor. General • We are a democracy ▫ All citizens over 18 may vote ▫ We have an MMP system to determine who is elected to Parliament ▫ Any NZ citizen over 18 may stand for parliament, independently or as a member of a party

NEW ZEALAND’S ECONOMY • We have an ‘open’ capitalist economy ▫ There is some

NEW ZEALAND’S ECONOMY • We have an ‘open’ capitalist economy ▫ There is some intervention by the government in the economy ▫ We trade with other countries (=open) ▫ Limited resources are bought and sold in markets where the highest bidder determines the price a good of service is sold for BUT we have some socialist ideas as the government intervenes through the tax system to redistribute wealth AND we were one of the first countries to introduce a social welfare system.

CAPITALISM: DEFINITION • an economic and political system in which a country's trade and

CAPITALISM: DEFINITION • an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state • Central characteristics include capital accumulation, competitive markets and wage labor. • Typically the parties to a transaction typically determine the prices at which assets, goods, and services are exchanged. • The degree of competition, role of intervention and regulation, and scope of public ownership varies across different models of capitalism.

So how did communism come about, what is it and how is communism different

So how did communism come about, what is it and how is communism different to capitalism?

What is the problem with capitalism , according to the cartoon? Why has the

What is the problem with capitalism , according to the cartoon? Why has the bottom tier become so large in the last 50 years? Pyramid of Capitalism, 1911

COMMUNISM: DEFINITIONS • Economic system characterised by collective ownership of property • Labour organised

COMMUNISM: DEFINITIONS • Economic system characterised by collective ownership of property • Labour organised for the common advantage of all members • System of government in which the state plans and controls the economy • Single, often authoritarian party holds power • Claims to make progress to a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people • Marxist-Leninist version advocates the overthrow of capitalism by the revolution of the proletariat!

IN SIMPLIER TERMS … COMMUNISM • One class of equal workers • Society should

IN SIMPLIER TERMS … COMMUNISM • One class of equal workers • Society should have no wealth, greed, poverty, persecution • Upper/rich class of capitalists must be removed as they oppose communism

READ P. 62 -63 • Create a summary table CAPITALISM SOCIALISM COMMUNISM

READ P. 62 -63 • Create a summary table CAPITALISM SOCIALISM COMMUNISM

THE ORIGINS: KARL MARX Read p. 68 • 1818 -1883 • German born •

THE ORIGINS: KARL MARX Read p. 68 • 1818 -1883 • German born • Claimed workers were exploited by owners of capital (means of production) • Argued for a classless society • Das Kapital (1867) • The Communist Manifesto (1848) with Fredrich Engels

THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO • Argued for the inevitability of a proletarian led Revolution •

THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO • Argued for the inevitability of a proletarian led Revolution • Several editions published including a Russia, British and German edition

THE 10 PLANKS OF THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO • Abolition of property in land application

THE 10 PLANKS OF THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO • Abolition of property in land application of all rents of land to public purposes. • A heavy progressive or graduated income tax. • Abolition of all right of inheritance. • Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels. • Centralisation of credit in the hands of the State, by means of a national bank with State capital and an exclusive monopoly. • Centralisation of the means of communication and transport in the hands of the State. • Extension of factories and instruments of production owned by the State; the bringing into cultivation of waste-lands, and the improvement of the soil generally in accordance with a common plan. • Equal liability of all to labour. Establishment of industrial armies, especially for agriculture. • Combination of agriculture with manufacturing industries; gradual abolition of the distinction between town and country, by a more equal distribution of the population over the country. • Free education for all children in public schools. Abolition of children's factory labour in its present form. Combination of education with industrial production

The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles

The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles

MARX’S THEORY OF HISTORY • All history is about class struggles ▫ E. g.

MARX’S THEORY OF HISTORY • All history is about class struggles ▫ E. g. Landowners v. Capitalists • The last struggle would be a violent revolution • The last struggle will be capitalists. v poorer classes • After the revolution everyone would share the wealth and the workers own the means of production (SOCIALISM) • Eventually a classless society would develop with everyone paid according to their needs (COMMUNISM)

TASK Diagram Analysis

TASK Diagram Analysis

A SUMMARY EXPLANTION http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=W 0 GFSUu 5 U z. A

A SUMMARY EXPLANTION http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=W 0 GFSUu 5 U z. A

Revolution!! What is it? • Sudden violent and fundamental change to government, which over

Revolution!! What is it? • Sudden violent and fundamental change to government, which over a period of time changes the nature of society as well • Process rather than an event, series of interconnected events involving a significant change over a short period of time • Unsuccessful revolution or limited in its extent or location is referred to as: a rebellion, revolt, insurrection or uprising • Conflict fought for ideals and beliefs strongly valued, often civilian soldiers willing to die for their beliefs, often ends with overthrow of government • Examples: Chinese, Russian, Industrial, American, French

WORKERS’ ‘REVOLUTION’ IN NZ Waihi, 1912 Wellington, 1913

WORKERS’ ‘REVOLUTION’ IN NZ Waihi, 1912 Wellington, 1913

NO REVOLUTION IN NZ If you want to know Bolshevik nations, and revolutionary socialist

NO REVOLUTION IN NZ If you want to know Bolshevik nations, and revolutionary socialist notions out of men, you have to give them a share in the country-something to lose, something to take pride in. • Working industrial class not big enough • Deep class divisions not as prominent • Working class wanted to improve position within the capitalist system

FIRST LABOUR GOVT. , 1931 • Read p. 112 -113

FIRST LABOUR GOVT. , 1931 • Read p. 112 -113

WORKERS’ REVOLUTION IN RUSSIA LENIN’S IDEAS • Marxist • Only way classes society could

WORKERS’ REVOLUTION IN RUSSIA LENIN’S IDEAS • Marxist • Only way classes society could be achieved was if all means of production (capital) was state owned • One political party • Russia will have to skip the bourgeoisie revolution

SIGNIFICANT BECAUSE… Read p. 66 Pairs – pull out one key REASON and write

SIGNIFICANT BECAUSE… Read p. 66 Pairs – pull out one key REASON and write NEATLY onto COLOURED PAPER for our wall.

RECAP • Marx = Father of Communism, The Communist Manifesto • Communism is inevitable,

RECAP • Marx = Father of Communism, The Communist Manifesto • Communism is inevitable, Communism is classless • Revolution will bring about a socialist society • Socialist revolutionaries agitated in NZ • Russia did not ‘fit’ with Marx’s theory…Lenin says skip the bourgeoisie revolution • Russian revolution significant 20 th century event

WORKERS OF ALL LANDS UNITE! Tombstone, Highgate, London

WORKERS OF ALL LANDS UNITE! Tombstone, Highgate, London