Introduction to Climate Change and CommunityBased Adaptation CBA
Introduction to Climate Change and Community-Based Adaptation (CBA) Andrew Crane-Droesch CBA Project Coordinator Energy and Environment Group Bureau for Development Policy UNDP © 2009 UNDP. All Rights Reserved Worldwide. Proprietary and Confidential. Not For Distribution Without Prior Written Permission.
Overview Presentation Outline 1. Climate Change Basics 2. What is climate change adaptation? 3. What is the Community-Based Adaptation (CBA) project? 4. How will UNVs work with CBA? 1
Climate Change Basics The Greenhouse Effect http: //www. grida. no/publications/vg/climate/page/3058. aspx 2
Climate Change Basics Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Humans are enhancing the Earth’s natural greenhouse effect through: • Burning fossil fuels-coal, oil, natural gas (about 80%) • Land use changescutting forests, clearing land (about 20%) http: //maps. grida. no/go/graphic/greenhouse-gas-ghg-emissions-by-source-2004 3
Climate Change Basics Greenhouse Gas (GHG) concentrations are increasing Global temperatures are closely linked with levels of GHGs in atmosphere, especially carbon dioxide (CO 2) http: //www. grida. no/publications/vg/climate/ 4
Climate Change Basics Climate change is already being observed. Temperatures are rising with atmospheric CO 2 http: //www. grida. no/publications/vg/climate/ 5
Climate Change Basics The future Unless emissions are reduced -there will be more warming and changes will accelerate Projected surface temperature increases from 2000 to 2100. AR 4, SPM Synthesis Report, based on A 1 B scenario 6
Climate Change Basics Temperature increases • Severity of temperature increase depend on GHG emissions levels • Scenarios help scientists examine different predictions for the future http: //www. cics. uvic. ca/scenarios/img/figspm-5_temp. gif 7
Climate Change Basics Rising Temperatures 6º Changes in: - Rainfall - Soil evaporation - Physical geography, landscapes - Sea level - Extreme weather 1. 5º 8
Climate Change Basics Sea Level Rise http: //www. grida. no/publications/vg/climate/ 9
Climate Change Basics Changes in precipitation http: //www. grida. no/publications/vg/climate/ 10
Climate change impacts will be different everywhere However, there are many common themes 1111
Climate Change Basics How climate change impacts will be felt Stronger hurricanes and cyclones threaten coastal areas http: //vincentloy. files. wordpress. com/2008/12/cyclonenargistmo 2008122 rev 1. jpg http: //kenmac. me. uk/assets/images/Journal/Samoa%20 North%20 Coast%20 Road. jpg 12
Climate Change Basics How climate change impacts will be felt More heatwaves and warmer temperatures, especially at night Droughts http: //www. guardian. co. uk/environment/2009/apr/14/global-warming-target-2 c 13
Climate Change Basics How climate change impacts will be felt Stronger storms, more variable rainfall, and sea level rise increase risk of floods http: //southasia. oneworld. net/Image. Catalog/bihar-floods. jpg-3 14
Climate Change Basics How climate change impacts will be felt Sea-level rise threatens coastal areas, especially small islands http: //www. grida. no/publications/vg/climate/ 15
Climate change impacts summary Changes in forest composition, extent, health & productivity Climate Change Basics Variability in water supply, quality and distribution. More competition and cross-border conflicts over water resources PUBLIC HEALTH AGRICULTURE FORESTRY Increasing incidents of infectious, water-borne and vector-borne diseases, heat stress & mortality, additional public health costs WATER RESOURCES Erosion, inundation, salinisation, stress on mangroves, marshes, wetlands COASTAL SYSTEMS Less predictability in crop yield, changing irrigation demand, growing risk of pest infestations ECOSYSTEM SERVICES Loss of habitat, species and protective ecosystems, migratory shifts 16
Climate Change Basics How climate change threatens development Risks to Millennium Development Goals • Droughts, floods, and increased temperatures undermine food security • Infrastructure loss and displacement makes it harder to educate children • Declining availability of food and potable water place additional burdens on women • Climate changes negatively impact natural resources and productive ecosystems • Increased temperatures spread disease and endanger public health http: //southasia. oneworld. net/Image. Catalog/mdg-logo. jpg-1 17
What is adaptation? “…adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, that moderates harm and exploits beneficial opportunities. ” …a process by which individuals, communities, and countries seek to cope with the consequences of climate change, including variability. Examples: • Addressing water scarcity that jeopardizes safe drinking water and agriculture IPCC TAR, UNDP Adaptation Policy Framework 18
What is adaption? • Coping with excessive water, including from floods and sea-level rise • Reducing disaster risks from stronger weather events http: //www. ramsar. org/pictures/wwd 2006 -malaysia 01. jpg 19
What is adaptation? • Helping agriculture thrive in the face changing climatic conditions • Improving health systems to address climaterelated diseases and other health impacts http: //mcc. org/images/world/latinamerica/mexico. jpg 20
What is adaptation? Climatic variations How adaptation helps communities deal with climate-related problems Time 21
Adaptation must be planned as a development goal Move from short-term and ad hoc toward longer-term & deliberative adaptation Longer-term Adaptation ad hoc deliberative Historical experience Short-term 22
Mitigation and adaptation are complementary Global Climate Change Mitigation: reduces emissions, reduces magnitude of climate change Greenhouse gas emissions Climate change impacts Adaptation: reduces vulnerability to climate change impacts; reduces losses 23
Why Community-Based Adaptation? Climate change is global, but impacts are regional and local • Impacts will affect different communities differently based on their specific circumstances …so, solutions must be locally specific • CBA is community-driven • CBA is the grass-roots component of climate change adaptation • CBA will respond to locally specific needs, and develop lessons for global and national stakeholders to further adaptation practice 2424
The Community-Based Adaptation Project National Governments Private Sector UN System Policy Change Global Learning UNDP Climate Change Adaptation Team Project development support Technical Support Capacity Building for Field Teams Implementation M&E Key Statistics • $4. 5 Million + Co-financing • 10 Countries Evidence-Based Policy Support SGP Country Programs National Coordinators and Committees Project Development Projects • Up to $50 K per community project • 14 projects currently under implementation • 25 projects under preparation • 50 Projects under implementation expected by in of 2009 Community Based Organizations Local NGOs Projects are based on community priorities and led by communities Community-Based Adaptation Projects 2525
CBA Projects UNDP CBA Projects are: • Aimed at addressing climate • • change risks Address both present and future climate risks, as well as anticipatory activities Driven by communities – CBOs and NGOs are the grantees and manage project funds Generally capped at $50 K, plus co-financing Average length between 1 -2 years 2626
CBA Country Programs UNDP’s CBA program builds on the of the UNDP-GEF Small Grants Program, comprising: • The National Coordinator • National Steering/Coordinating Committee • Technical support and coordination from HQ 2727
CBA Projects and the SPA-funded CBA Projects are: Community-Driven Priorities ØCommunitydriven … ØGenerate global environmental benefits ØAddress climate change risks CBA Climate Change Adaptation Priorities Global Environmental Benefits ØThe CBA project will operate where all three of these priorities intersect 2828
Outcome 1: Local Level Key Project Outcomes Enhanced adaptive capacity allows communities to reduce their vulnerability to adverse impacts of future climate change driven risks – Community-level capacity building and awareness-raising on climate change – Portfolio of 8 -20 adaptation projects per country, in 10 countries Outcome 2: National Level National policies and programs promote replication of best practices derived from CBA projects – Dissemination/promotion of lessons learned at the national level – Involvement of policymakers in CBA projects and processes Outcome 3: Global Level Cooperation among member countries promotes innovation in adaptation to climate change including variability – Transboundary learning, based on best practices identified by communities – Lessons learned on CBA transmitted to global stakeholders, including GEF-secretariat 2929
Implementation Status Initial Grantee Outreach Project Concepts Under Development Projects In Planning Projects in Implementation Bangladesh Commencing 2009 Bolivia Ongoing 3 Concepts in Development None at Present 3 Projects Under Implementation Guatemala Ongoing 3 Concepts in Development 2 Projects Under Preparation Commencing 2009 Jamaica Ongoing 1 Concept in Development 3 Project Under Preparation 2 Projects Under Implementation Kazakhstan All funds pipelined 5 Projects Under Preparation 5 Projects Under Implementation Morocco Ongoing None at present 2 Projects Under Preparation Commencing 2009 Namibia Ongoing Note at present Niger Ongoing 2 Concepts in Development 3 Projects Under Preparation 1 Project Under Implementation 2 Projects Under Implementation Samoa Ongoing None at Present 8 Projects Under Preparation 1 Project Under Implementation Viet Nam Ongoing 4 Concepts in Development 2 Projects Under Preparation Commencing 2009 3030
Thanks For more information: andrew. crane-droesch@undp. org www. undp-adaptation. org/project/cba www. undp. org/climatechange/adapt 3131
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