Introduction to Chemistry Notes 4 The Periodic Table

Introduction to Chemistry Notes #4 The Periodic Table!!!

• In order for us to understand how and why different elements bond together, we need to understand properties of those elements. • The periodic table organizes elements based on a variety of properties!

• The vertical columns (up and down) of the periodic table are called groups or families. – Numbered left to right from 1 to 18 – Each group contains elements with similar chemical properties.

• The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table are called periods. – Numbered top to bottom 1 to 7. – Physical and chemical properties change across a period. – Those closer together tend to be more similar.

• Periodic table is divided into two main sections: metals and non-metals – Metals are to the left and center. – Non-metals to the right. – Those on the dividing line show attributes of both.

• Metals – Metal = element that is a good conductor of heat and electricity – Shiny (have metallic luster) – Most are solid at room temperature – Have diversity in strength, brittleness, etc. • Non-Metals – Non-metals = elements that are poor conductors of heat and electricity – Most are gasses at room temperature. – Those that are solids tend to be more brittle.

• Metalloids = elements with some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of non-metals • All are solids at room temperature • Some have a somewhat metallic luster. • Semi-conductors of electricity • Noble gasses = the elements in group 18 • Generally unreactive • Gasses at room temperature • **Hydrogen does not share the same properties of any group (this is why it is left alone and not placed in any group)

Concept Check-Groups & Periods • Color the Roman numerals that represent the groups Red • Color the numbers that represent the periods Blue

Concept Check-Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids • Color the metals Green • Color the nonmetals Yellow • Color the metalloids Purple

Similarities • List elements that have similar characteristics and explain how you know they are similar

Metal, Metalloid or Nonmetal? Element Symbol 1. Ca 2. He 3. O 4. As 5. Sn 6. N 7. S 8. Ag 9. B 10. Br 11. F Element Name Metal, Metalloid or Nonmetal?