Introduction to Business Chapter 9 MOTIVATING EMPLOYEES Power
Introduction to Business Chapter 9 MOTIVATING EMPLOYEES Power. Point Image Slideshow
Learning Outcomes 1. What are the basic principles of Frederick Taylor’s concept of scientific management? 2. What did Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne studies reveal about worker motivation? 3. What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, and how do these needs relate to employee motivation? 4. How are Mc. Gregor’s Theories X and Y and Ouchi’s Theory Z used to explain worker motivation? 5. What are the basic components of Herzberg’s motivator-hygiene theory? 6. What four contemporary theories on employee motivation offer insights into improving employee performance? 7. How can managers redesign existing jobs to increase employee motivation and performance? 8. What initiatives are organizations using today to motivate and retain employees?
Exhibit 9. 3 Model of Motivation
1. What are the basic principles of Frederick Taylor’s concept of scientific management? • CONCEPT CHECK 1. How did Frederic Taylor’s studies contribute to the early understanding of human motivation? 2. How are Taylor’s insights still seen in today’s management practices?
2. What did Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne studies reveal about worker motivation? • CONCEPT CHECK 1. How did Mayo’s studies at the Hawthorne plant contribute to the understanding of human motivation? 2. What is the Hawthorne effect? 3. Was the practice of dimming and brightening the lights ethical?
Exhibit 9. 4 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
3. What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, and how do these needs relate to employee motivation? • CONCEPT CHECK 1. What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, and how does it help in understanding human motivation? 2. What are some criticisms of Maslow’s hierarchy?
Table 9. 1 Differences in Management Approaches Sources: Comparison of traditional U. S. and Japanese management styles with the Theory Z approach. Based on information from Jerry D. Johnson, Austin College. Dr. Johnson was a research assistant for William Ouchi, Theory Z, Avon, 1982.
Table 9. 1 Differences in Management Approaches, continued Sources: Comparison of traditional U. S. and Japanese management styles with the Theory Z approach. Based on information from Jerry D. Johnson, Austin College. Dr. Johnson was a research assistant for William Ouchi, Theory Z, Avon, 1982.
4. How are Mc. Gregor’s Theories X and Y and Ouchi’s Theory Z used to explain worker motivation? • CONCEPT CHECK 1. How do the Theory X, Theory Y, and Theory Z management styles differ?
Table 9. 2 Herzberg’s Motivating and Hygiene Factors
5. What are the basic components of Herzberg’s motivator-hygiene theory? • CONCEPT CHECK 1. What is Herzberg’s theory, and how does it relate to an understanding of motivation? 2. How can a manager use an understanding of Herzberg’s theory to motivate employees? 3. What are the limitations of Herzberg’s theory?
Exhibit 9. 6 How Expectations Can Lead to Motivation
6. What four contemporary theories on employee motivation offer insights into improving employee performance? • CONCEPT CHECK 1. Discuss the three relationships central to expectancy theory. 2. Explain the comparison process that is a part of equity theory. 3. How does goal-setting theory contribute to our understanding of motivation? 4. What are the main elements of reinforcement theory?
7. How can managers redesign existing jobs to increase employee motivation and performance? • CONCEPT CHECK 1. Explain the difference between job enlargement and job enrichment. 2. What are the four work-scheduling options that can enhance employee performance? 3. Are all employees motivated by the same economic incentives? Explain.
8. What initiatives are organizations using today to motivate and retain employees? • CONCEPT CHECK 1. What benefits can an organization derive from training and educational opportunities and stock ownership programs? 2. Why are sabbaticals growing in popularity as worklife balance tools? 3. How are knowledge workers different from traditional employees? 4. Why are absenteeism and turnover rates increasing, and what is the impact on companies? This Open. Stax ancillary resource is © Rice University under a CC-BY 4. 0 International license; it may be reproduced or modified but must be attributed to Open. Stax, Rice University and any changes must be noted. Any images credited to other sources are similarly available for reproduction, but must be attributed to their sources.
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