Introduction to Biology Packet 1 Vocabulary Biology Control

Introduction to Biology Packet 1

Vocabulary Biology Control group Dependent variable (responding variable) Experimental group Hypothesis Independent variable (manipulated variable) Inference Law Observation Qualitative data Quantitative data Scientific method Standardized variables (constants) Theory

Don’t forget to log into Blackboard for the following items: • Homework - a list of your homework assignments with due dates • Course Documents – contains most of the documents I hand out in class so if you lose them, you can print another copy from here. • Announcements • Practice – Contains links to Quizlet for test review Tests – contains practice tests for each unit.

Warm –up: What is Biology? ? ? I. What is Biology? • bio = LIFE –ology = STUDY OF , therefore biology is the study of life. Characteristics of Life Cells Obtain energy, release waste DNA Change over time (evolve) Reproduce Respond to Stimuli Growth & Development Gas exchange Maintain homeostasis -----------------------

6 Kingdoms for Living Things All living things are classified into one of 6 Kingdoms. These kingdoms are: • 2 __________kingdoms - single celled and no nucleus (prokaryote) Bacteria • ___________ - single celled with a nucleus (eukaryote) Protista • ___________ - multicellular and eukaryotic, cell wall, decomposer Fungi • ___________multicellular, eukaryotic, cell wall, producer • ___________ - multicellular eukaryotic, consumers Plantae Animalia

Dichotomous Key A __________________ is a tool used to identify the scientific name of an organism. Under each picture, write the correct scientific name of the organism Deerus magnus Deerus pestis Deerus purplinis Deerus deafus Deerus octagis Deerus humpis

Binomial nomenclature – 2 names Genus Scientific names have two words – _________ and _______. The first word is the genus. The second word species identifies the species. Example: Homo sapiens - Homo is the genus, sapiens is the species. The scientific name of a grizzly bear is Ursus arctos. What genus does the grizzly bear belong to? ______________ Ursus In the dichotomous key above, what genus do all of the organisms Deerus belong to? ___________

Notes: The Scientific Process II. Steps of the Scientific Process 1. OBSERVATIONS, QUESTIONS & ID THE PROBLEM 2. RESEARCH 3. HYPOTHESIS 4. DESIGN AND CONDUCT AN EXPERIMENT 5. RECORD DATA 6. ANALYZE DATA & DRAW A CONCLUSION 7. REPEAT EXPERIMENT TO VERIFY and REPORT RESULTS

Parts of the Experiment Part of the experiment Definition INDEPENDENT the ONE thing you change in the setup DEPENDENT Data or what you measure or manipulated variable or responding variable CONTROL group EXPERIMENTAL group STANDARDIZED variables (constants) Group that does not receive treatment. What you compare your results back to. Group(s) that receive the treatment (test groups). Things that are kept the same between all the setups Identify this in the Seed Lab AMOUNT OF WATER # SEEDS GERMINATED AND APPEARANCE OF SEEDS WITHOUT WATER SEEDS WITH DIFFERENT AMOUNTS OF WATER # OF SEEDS, LOCATION OF SEEDS, SAME TYPE PAPER TOWEL.

Additional things to note: TESTABLE & MEASURABLE • 2 criteria for a hypothesis are: Ex: If a plant is grown under white light, then it will grow more rapidly than a plant under green light because green light is reflected by plants and not absorbed. • 2 types of data: Quantitative data = ; Qualitative data = WORDS NUMBERS (# SEEDS SPROUTED) APPEARANCE OF SPROUTS

Observations & Inferences

Term Hypothesis, Theory, Law, Observation & Inference what’s the difference? Definition Example An educated guess about what you think will happen. If…. then…. because…. A very well supported explanation of something that has been observed. It tries to explain why something is happening. It can never really be proven, just highly supported by data. Theory of Evolution – organisms change over time. A description of something that has been observed. It is known to be true. Law of Superposition HYPOTHESIS THEORY LAW A statement based on what you see. OBSERVATION Does not try to explain. INFERENCE A logical interpretation of what you see based on prior knowledge. The wasp has orange antennae The wasp is carrying the spider.

Observations & Inferences

Organizing Data Line & Bar Graphs – shows the relationship between two variables Independent variable –placed on the X-AXIS (horizontal axis). Dependent variable – always placed on the Y-AXIS (vertical axis). LEGEND OR KEY – must be used if you want to compare two or more sets of data, multiple lines. This distinguishes one set of data from the other(s). TITLE – tells what the graph is about and should be a concise statement. SCALE – the scale on both the x and y-axis usually begin with zero (some exceptions include time/dates). o. Values must increase by equal spacing and the same numeric intervals. o. Do the X and Y axes have to have the same scale (i. e. jump by the same interval)? ______ NO

Plant 2 Which plant grew the tallest? _________________ All 3 How many plants grew to be at least 6 cm tall? __________ Plant 3 Which plant grew the fastest in the first five days? _________ Growth of the plant (cm) What is the dependent variable? ________________ 6 cm After 10 days, how much had plant 3 grown? ___________ 15 How long did it take for plant 1 to grow 6 cm? ___________ days Comparison Why is it a benefit to put multiple lines on one graph? ________

Graphing Practice

Graphing Warm-up: Given the information below make a line graph. Plants are able to make their own food through a process called photosynthesis. One of the products of photosynthesis is oxygen. When plants are under water they release the oxygen in the form of gas bubbles. The more bubbles a plant produces, the more productive it is. The following data table shows a comparison of the number of bubbles produced between two different kinds of plants found in Lake Gaston. Data Table: Productivity of two plants found in Lake Gaston at various depth. Depth in meters Number of Bubbles per Minute: Plant A Number of Bubbles per Minute: Plant B 2 10 16 25 29 45 32 20 21 40 50 34