Introduction to BIM Curriculum 01 Topics History Overview

Introduction to BIM Curriculum 01

Topics § § History / Overview From 2 D to BIM The BIM Concept Future Trends

Evolution of AEC CAD § 2 D solutions Electronic drafting board § 3 D solutions Modeling for purely visualization purposes § BIM solutions Models with integrated architectural information § Construction Coordination (5 D) Timing/scheduling and Cost estimation

AEC CAD Timeline 1960 Experimental CAD in research 1970 1980 Commercial CAD on mainframes and workstations Commercial CAD on personal computers 1990 BIM 4 D-5 D CAD Commercial 3 D CAD Hand Drafting 100% 3 D CAD 50% BIM CAD usage % 2 D CAD 4 -5 D CAD 0% 1980 1990 2000

Working Concept - 2 D CAD § Draft everything in 2 D § No 3 D model is created § Design changes maintained § manually on every drawing Typically, each drawing is saved in its own file

Evaluation - 2 D CAD Benefits Compared to hand drafting • • Faster modifications Accuracy Smart drafting tools (fills, dimensions) Repetitive elements (blocks, xrefs) Compared to other CAD methods • • • Easy to understand concept (electronic drafting) Relatively small files due to reduced data Quick (but less intelligent) solution for all building types Drawbacks • • Changes on one drawing don’t influence other drawings Drawing coordination is essential No more content compared with hand drawing Collisions and other design problems are difficult to identify

Working Concept – 3 D CAD § § § § The application has both 2 D and 3 D capabilities Buildings can be modeled in 3 D if necessary 3 D and 2 D information can be included in a single file Drawings can be partially derived from the model No automatic documentation Application mostly works with 2 D and 3 D drawing tools instead of real architectural elements Additional content can be created including visualization and basic quantity take-offs Project File Drawings Manual or automatic update 3 D Model

Evaluation– 3 D CAD Benefits Compared to 2 D CAD • Easier checking of planning errors • Managing changes is easier • Visualization and calculation Compared to BIM • Users may work purely in 2 D if they wish • Smaller file size • Easier to model complex geometries Project File Drawings Manual or automatic update Drawbacks (compared to BIM) • • • Concept doesn’t follow the architectural design process Documentation is not fully automatic No architectural content like in BIM applications 3 D Model

The BIM Concept BIM= Building Information Modeling Also known as „Virtual Building” or „Building Simulation” Drawings, building views, visualizations, calculations and quantity take-offs are automatically derived from the 3 D model.

Working Concept – BIM § § § § Single file concept: The complete building model and all of its representations are included in the BIM file Real architectural elements used for modeling Changes of the model affect all related drawings (and vice versa) Automatic generation and updating of documentation Architectural content (libraries) Building information data attached to the elements Additional materials (rendering, animation, quantity take-offs, schedules)

Evaluation– BIM Benefits Compared to 2 D and 3 D CAD • Elements have architectural meaning • Changes on one drawing have influence on all others • Rich visualization content (animation, sun studies, renderings etc. ) • Automatic quantity take-offs, schedules • Connection to structural, energy calculation, collision detection etc. software Drawbacks • Higher training requirements • Might be difficult to learn the BIM approach for people who were previously 2 D users • Might be more difficult to handle complex geometry (e. g. freeform structures) then in 3 D and 2 D CAD

Real Architectural Elements - BIM § Drawing representation • • • § Model representation • • § Floor plan, section and elevation views Adjustable contours, fills, backgrounds Scale sensitivity 3 D shapes connected to drawing elements Surface color and texture Non-graphical information • • Material descriptions Quantities, volumes Cost Values specific to certain elements (e. g. lux values of lights, fire resistance of doors)

Model Based Documentation - BIM § § § Coherence between model and drawing All drawings derived from the model Model itself coordinates drawings Automatic scale change The complete project lifecycle can be controlled from a single file Rich 3 D visualization content helps you to win the job

Estimation-BIM § Additional information attached to the model • • • Quantity Materials Descriptions Product details Construction details Safety details • BIM DATA 3 D model Cost § Instant Calculation • • • Quantity take-offs Room Inventories Door-Window Schedules Calculations

Collaboration -BIM The AEC industry is moving towards integration of disciplines. The collaborative mode will become a standard approach. Only advanced datasharing technology will enable effective enough communication to support this working method. Areas of collaboration: § Internal § External

External Collaboration-BIM The BIM data can be shared with the project stakeholders via: § IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) § DXF-DWG (Autocad Drawing) § PDF (Portable Document Format) § XML (Extensible Markup Language) § Other native CAD file formats

Internal Collaboration-BIM Central File Advanced BIM applications allow the seamless sharing of the virtual building data between the project team members Workspace 3 Workspace 2 The teamwork approach: § Central file contains the § § § complete virtual building database Team members work on local copies Team members have dedicated workspaces Team members send and receive changes regularly Workspace 1 Send & receive changes Local Copy 1 Local Copy 2 Local Copy 3

Analysis, Coordination-BIM Further processing the BIM data allows a wide range of analytical activities: Jetstream from Navis. Works § § § Code checking (collision detection) Energy efficiency analysis Structural analysis Energy. Plus Xsteel from Tekla

Trends: Construction Coordination Construction industry is moving towards automated solutions. Adding time and cost information to the 3 D model results the virtual construction model. Time (4 D) Cost (5 D) Linked Schedules BIM Model (3 D) Linked Estimating Recipes

Virtual Construction Workflow Constructability Analysis and Coordination Schedule 5 D Model Cost Estimate Project Control Accounting 2 D Drawings Procurement Fabrication