Introduction to Beef Unit Map Follow Along in

Introduction to Beef

Unit Map: Follow Along in your packet WHAT ARE YOU LEARNING? ID breeds of economically important animals Husbandry and Mangement practices for Industrial animals

Know Understand Do! Know Beef Types Basic Anatomy Management Practices • • • Understand Beef desired Characteristics Internal and External Anatomy Industry Steps Do • ID Breeds • Outline beef cattle production • Outline Industry model

Key Learning: Beef Production l Unit EQ: What are industrial animals and how do they help us? Concept Breeds and Types Lesson EQ: What are characteristics of beef breeds? Vocab Mothering Ability, Feed Efficiency Concept : Management and Industry Lesson EQ: How is the industry set up? Vocab Branding, Cow/Calf Concept : Anatomy Lesson EQ: How do we choose beef? Vocab Daily Gain, Marbling

Youtube; Beef Commercial

Essential Question l What is a breed?

What is a breed? • The classic definition of a breed is: animals that, through selection and breeding, have come to resemble one another and pass their traits uniformly to their offspring

l l l A Mature Male is called a: Bull A Mature Female is called a: Cow The act of Giving Birth is called: Calving Gestation = 283 days A Castrated Male is called a: Steer An Immature Female is called a: Heifer Important Terms to Know

Group Discussion l Discuss in your small group and write down what you think a trait is. What traits do you think are important in identifying cattle breeds?

What is the actual definition? l After your in-depth discussion on traits, compare your ideas with the actual definition: A Trait is: a distinguishing characteristic within a specific breed of cattle

Classification and Identification of Beef Cattle Breeds

ES l l OBJECT To be able to Classify Beef Cattle Breeds into Bos Taurus or Bos Indicus. To be able to Classify Beef Cattle Breeds into British, European. To be able to Determine or Give the Make up of Certain Composite Breeds. To Give the Attributes of Specific Breeds.

Classification Why do we Need It We classify everything. Example Automobiles l We Break them down into Cars and Trucks, How can we break them down even further. l

Classification Of Automobiles

CLASSIFICATION OF BEEF CATTLE

PUREBRED Recognized family line of an animal l Unmixed l Parents are standards of the breed l Eligible for registration in a breed association l

CROSSBREEDING l l Definition: Mating of 2 purebred animals to form a cross. Crossbreeding is used to emphasize, extract, and design desired traits or characteristics that are reflected in the offspring. The offspring of crossbreeding, is known as a crossbred.

Popular BRITISH BREEDS OF BEEF CATTLE Hereford l Black Angus l Shorthorn l

Popular EUROPEAN BREEDS OF BEEF CATTLE Simmental l Charolais l

Popular ZEBU BREEDS OF BEEF CATTLE l Grey Brahman

BOS TAURUS BEEF BREEDS BRITISH / EUROPEAN

Hereford • Originated in England • Red with white points • Horned usually • Known for pink eye Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

Black Angus • Native to Angus (near Scotland) • Most popular beef breed in the US • Always black in color • Can produce Red Angus Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification • Known for Marbling Ability

Shorthorn • Originated in England • White to red in color • Roane Color, very popular for show heifers. Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

Simmental • First recorded in Switzerland • Large body mass • Light red to dark red with white points • Known for Maternal Characteristics Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification

BOS INDICUS BEEF BREEDS ZEBU

Brahman • Developed in the United States • Breeds from India used • Light gray or red to black • Known for Mothering Ability Bos Indicus Classification

Africander Native to South Africa l Usually red l Long horns l

Composite/Cross Breeds: Increase Hybrid vigor l Brangus l Angus l + Brahman Beefmaker l Hereford l Black Baldie l Hereford l + Simmental Braford l Brahman + Angus + Hereford

Activity Design your own breed! l Complete your worksheet with designing your own beef cattle breed l Complete Beef Crossword Puzzle when finished l

Beef Crossword

Review Of Beef Cattle Classification Cattle are Classified into Two Groups l The Bos Taurus Classification includes what two Groups? l What are some Breeds Attributes? l

Beef Anatomy

Warm Up l l A cows horns are called : A Cow, A Chicken, A Horse and A Dog all have THIS anatomical part in common. What is it?

Objectives Review basic cattle anatomy both gross and digestive l Identify location of cuts of meat on a beef animal l

Essential Question l Name 4 different cuts of meat you can find in the grocery store.

Review: Remember Dairy Anatomy?

Rumen Largest of 4 compartments l Its Job : FERMENTATION l l Continuous mixing and moving l Anaerobic environment/Diverse bacterial pop. l Breaks down fibrous feed in volatile fatty acids Papillae lining l Nonfunctional at birth , shunted off l

Reticulum Feed boluses come from here l Honeycomb appearance l Its Job : REGURGITATION l l Regurgitation from rumen to mouth l Expulsion to omasum l Fermentation gases

. Omasum Many folds l Its Job: REDUCE l l Reduces particle size l Absorb some water, minerals Why would you reduce particle size?

. Abomasum “True Stomach” l Glandular , meaning it secretes l l Does ? l your stomach excrete anything? Why Its Job: DIGESTION l Begin digestion here l Feed leaves abomasum and enters the small intestine where further digestion takes place l Feed leaving abomasum is high in water content

How does this all work? l http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=i. U 4 U ba. QMNig

Beef Meat l The meat from mature bovines that are generally over 12 months of age l Remember that Bovine = Cow!!

Cuts of Meat

In Your Freezer Chuck Brisket Ribs Sirloin Joint

Food Safety in the Beef Industry l l FDA: Monitors use of animal drugs by the livestock industry FSIS: Inspects livestock and carcasses for meat safety

Beef Meat Project l l You will be assigned a cut of beef. ON ONE PIECE OF PAPER (typed) l Part one photos: One photo of your UNCOOKED cut of beef l One photo of your completed recipe l (EXTRA CREDIT) one photo of you cooking your recipe l l Part Two: Recipe l l Find a recipe on the internet that uses the cut of meat you were assigned. Include all directions and ingredients Part Three: Food Safety l How hot must you cook the meat? How long must you cook the meat? Why this hot, and this long? What are food safety concerns when handling raw beef meat?

Vocabulary Sheet Put your name and the date on the top. Define the following words: Brisket, Tenderloin, Chuck

Beef Industry

Objectives l l Identify levels of beef industry and their purpose Produce the correct chain of events beef cattle follow from farm to factory.

Essential Question l l What is the end goal when feeding and caring for cattle? How to farmers achieve this goal?

Cuts of Meat Review

The Beef Industry The average size beef herd is around 100 head.

The beef industry l. In the US there are over forty different breeds as well as many crosses of these breeds.

4 Major Segments: lpurebred operations lcow-calf operations lstocker operations lfeedlot operations

Purebred operations l. Purpose is to produce seed stock cattle.

Cow-Calf operations: l. Most calves produced are crossbreeds from purebred parents of different breeds.

Stocker operations: l. Provide a step between the weaning of calves and slaughter.

Feed them right Grass fed vs. grain fed vs. a mixed ration Feedstuffs are items that when mixed together can provide a Total Mixed Raton Some feedstuffs include Bone and Meat Meal Feather Meal Molasses Cottonseed Corn Soybean meal Distiller’s Grain MUCH MORE Why you feed your animals a mix of different things?

Feedlot operations: l. Final phase before the animals are sent to slaughter.

Watch them grow l Average daily gain: Pounds of weight gained per day

What does it look like? l l It is March 1 st. Your beef cow’s ADG is 5 pounds per day. On April 1 st, how much will your cow weigh? In 30 days your beef cow is going to market and needs to weigh 1300 pounds. It currently weighs 1000 pounds. What does your ADG need to be for your cow to be ready for market in 30 days? ?

Feedlot operation

Problems? l What problems could occur with so many animals in one place?

Management Practices Ear Tagging l Branding l Tattooing l Registration l

Vocabulary REVIEW Cow-Calf Production: own cows, sell weaner calves l Stocker: buy weaner calves, sell yearlings l Feedlot Finishing: buy calves, fatten, sell to slaughter house l

Hobby farms l l Farm is not the main source of income ($) for the owner. Most Delaware Cattle farms are hobby farms

Writing Prompt Write a 1 page paper on the following: l You are a beef cattle producer. Explain the process your cow will follow from farm to factory. Be sure to include what steps you will take to make sure you get the most money for your beef cows. l You should include topics like: breed you have chosen and why, what stages your animal travels through, nutrition information, how you market/ package l l Use correct vocabulary!

Important to know! Beef cattle reproduce through: Artificial Insemination l Beef are Flight Animals l l We l use their Flight Zone to move them Hormones are injected and monitored by the : FDA

Vocabulary Sheet l l l Herd Branding Registration Average Daily Gain Feedlot BSE l l l Finishing Cow/Calf Operation Hobby Farm

l l l l Test Review Vocab: Herd, Branding, Registration, Average Daily Gain, Feedlot, Cow/Calf Operation, Crossbreeding, Grass Fed, Grain Fed, TMR 1. What are the parts of the beef digestion tract? 2. What are the major cuts of Beef? 3. What is the purpose of a feedlot? 4. What are the 4 major management practices in Beef cattle? 5. What types of feed do beef cattle receive and why? 6. What categories are beef breeds put into? What are common characteristics that we look for in these breeds?