Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence In computer

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence • In computer science AI research is defined as the study of "intelligent agents": any device that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of successfully achieving its goals. – AC – Washing Machines – Traffic Lights

Intelligence • Intelligence has been defined in many ways to include the – capacity or logic, – understanding, – self-awareness, – learning, – Emotional knowledge, – reasoning, – planning, – creativity, and problem solving.

Why AI? "AI can have two purposes. One is to use the power of computers to augment human thinking, just as we use motors to augment human or horse power. Robotics and expert systems are major branches of that. The other is to use a computer's artificial intelligence to understand how humans think. In a humanoid way. If you test your programs not merely by what they can accomplish, but how they accomplish it, they you're really doing cognitive science; you're using AI to understand the human mind. “

So what is Actually AI? Artificial Intelligence is concerned with the design of intelligence in an artificial device. There are two ideas in the definition. 1. Intelligence 2. artificial device

What is AI It's a lot of different things to a lot of different people: • Computational models of human behaviour – Programs that behave (externally) like humans. – This is the original idea from Turing and the well known Turing Test is to use to verify this Turing Test 6

What is AI It's a lot of different things to a lot of different people: • Computational models of human “thought” – Programs that operate (internally) the way humans do • Computational systems that behave intelligently? – But what does it mean to behave intelligently? • Computational systems that behave rationally – More widely accepted view 7

What is AI Note on behave rationally or rationality • Another limitation of “behave rationally” is the ability to compute/ find the best action – In chess-playing, it is sometimes impossible to find the best action among all possible actions • So, what we can really achieve in AI is the limited rationality – Acting based to your best knowledge/belief (best guess sometimes) – Acting in the best way you can subject to the computational constraints that you have 8

AI • Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a machine or a computer program to think and learn. The concept of AI is based on the idea of building machines capable of thinking, acting, and learning like humans

Brief history of AI • The history of AI begins with the following articles: – Turing, A. M. (1950), Computing machinery and intelligence, Mind, Vol. 59, pp. 433 -460. 10

Where Is AI Used? • Many people associate AI with the distant future. They incorrectly believe that despite all the buzz around artificial intelligence, the technology is not likely to become a part of their lives anytime soon. Little do they know how many aspects of their lives are already affected by AI.

These days…. . • Take Siri or Alexa—personal assistants that have already become the new normal for thousands of people around the globe. These and similar intelligent gadgets are able to recognize our speech (read: “understand what we want or need”), analyze the information they have access to, and provide an answer or solution.

• Spotify, Pandora, and Apple Music are some other touching points between AI and you. These services are capable of recommending music based on your interests. These apps monitor the choices you make, insert them into a learning algorithm, and suggest music you are most likely to enjoy. This particular use of AI is probably one of the simplest among all, but it does a good job helping us discover new songs and artists.