Introduction to Arthropod Insect Diversity Scientific Classification Kingdom

Introduction to Arthropod & Insect Diversity

Scientific Classification Kingdom General Division/Phylum Class Order Family Genus species specific

Characteristics to classify organisms: CELL TYPE Prokaryotic cell type DNA is free floating Eukaryotic cell type DNA is surrounded by a membrane

Characteristics to classify organisms: NUMBER OF CELLS OR unicellular multicellular

Characteristics to classify organisms: MODE OF NUTRITION (how organisms eat) Photosynthesis: utilizing energy from the sun to produce food Engulfing: to flow over and enclose Absorbing: to suck up or take up (like a sponge)

KINGDOM CHART ANIMALIA Eukaryotic Multicellular Engulfing heterotrophs PLANTAE Eukaryotic Multicellular Photosynthetic autotrophs FUNGI Eukaryotic Multicellular Absorptive heterotrophs PROTISTA ARCHAEBACTERIA Prokaryotic Unicellular Found in very harsh conditions (i. e. bottom of the ocean or volcanic vents) Oldest living organisms Eukaryotic Unicellular or Multicellular Heterotrophs Photosynthetic autotrophs EUBACTERIA Prokaryotic Unicellular Found in neutral conditions (i. e. human body and food) Lactobacillus bulgaricus (or L. acidophilus) and Streptococcus thermophilus helps produces yogurt from milk

The Importance of Insects Some insects are beneficial: Pollinate flowers Balance Nature Important Products Research Some insects are harmful: Destroy food crops Stings & Bites Causes Sickness Money Loss

Metamorphosis: A change in physical form The insect’s exoskeleton does not grow with them and must be shed and re-grown each time they get larger. COMPLETE CHANGE Monarch Caterpillar Monarch Butterfly small change Worker Termite Nymph

An insect has four characteristics: Dragonfly 1. Three body segments: Head , Thorax and Abdomen 2. One pair of antennae 3. Three pairs of legs (6 legs in total) 4. Usually 1 or 2 pairs of wings ABDOMEN: This body segment holds all reproductive organs. THORAX: The 3 pairs of legs and wings are attached to this body segment. HEAD: The eyes, antennae, and mouthparts are on the head.

Where do insects fit in the scientific classification picture? Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda General jointed foot segmented body exoskeleton (external skeleton) Class Insecta 6 legs 3 body parts (head, thorax, abdomen) 1 pair of antennae Wings (usually) specific Order Isoptera

Order Diptera Flies and Mosquitoes Fruit Fly Mosquito Blow fly

Order Lepidoptera Butterflies and Moths Kameha Butterfly Blackburn’s Butterfly Monarch Caterpillar Luna Moth Monarch Butterfly

Order Odonata Dragonflies and Damselflies Dragonflies from the Alakai Swamp Trail, Kauai Native Hawaiian Damselflies

Order Coleoptera Beetles Lady Bugs Dung Beetle © 1997 -2002 Charles Le. Wallen Rainbow Scarab Beetle © 1997 -2002 Charles Le. Wallen

Order Isoptera Termites Queen Wood Damage Australian Termite Mound Workers & Soldiers

Order Hymenoptera Ants, Bees and Wasps Honey Bee © 1997 -2002 Charles Le. Wallen Carpenter Ant © 1997 -2002 Charles Le. Wallen Velvet Ant Yellow Jacket

Order Hemiptera or Order Heteroptera True Bugs © 1997 -2002 Charles Le. Wallen Stink Bug Leaf-footed Bug Spiny Assassin Bug © 1997 -2002 Charles Le. Wallen

Order Mantodea Praying Mantids © 1997 -2002 Charles Le. Wallen Green Mantid

Order Blattaria Cockroaches Cinereous Cockroach Madiera Cockroach

Resources Pictures provided by – Charles Le. Wallen – www. biosurvey. ou. edu/okwild/misc/toc. html – Bishop Museum www. bishopmuseum. org/research/natsci/ento. html – Neil Reimer (Hawaii State Department of Agriculture) Other informative websites www. buginfo. com/bugs 2. cfm http: //ucdavis. edu/bohart. asp? s=kidscorner&f=orders www. eagle. ca/~matink/ www. ivyhall. district 96. k 12. il. us/4 th/insects/bugmenu. html http: //www. hear. org/starr/hiinsects/images/index. html