Introduction to ANATOMY z Terminology z Anatomical Position

Introduction to ANATOMY z Terminology z Anatomical Position z Basic Movements z Ten Biological Systems

TERMINOLOGY Anatomy – a branch of science that deals with the structural organization of __________how they are built and what they consist of. The ________ of the body and its organs Physiology – is concerned with basic processes such as__________________________as they occur within the various systems of the body. How all the parts of the body___________ Exercise Physiology – a branch of physiology, exercise physiologists concentrate their research specifically on _________________________________________________

THE ANATOMICAL POSITION • _______________________________ » UNIVERSAL __________ when discussing anatomy so that all people know exactly what is being discussed no matter what country or language. » diagrams that portray the body in an ___________________________________ ____________(with palms facing forward).

THE ANATOMICAL PLANES Ø the anatomical planes relate to positions in space and are at right angles to one another. Posterior Medial Superior Lateral Medial Lateral Anterior Inferior ___________ ______________

ANATOMICAL PLANES ________ Plane – “divides” the body into superior and inferior segments. ________Plane – “divides” the body into medial and lateral segments. ___________Plane – “divides” the body into anterior and posterior segments.

THE ANATOMICAL AXES Ø the general rule is that the axis of rotation is always perpendicular to the plane of movement ____________ Axis

THE ANATOMICAL AXES _____________axis – is in the “north-south” relationship to the anatomical position ______________axis – is in the “east-west” relationship to the anatomical position. ____________ axis – is in a “frontto-back” relationship to the anatomical position.

Relationship between Planes and Axes Axis of Rotation Plane of Motion Example Flexion, extension Rotation of extremities, axial rotation Abduction, adduction

Describing Position and Movement • • Anterior / Posterior Superior / Inferior Medial / Lateral Proximal / Distal This is the time to start a glossary. In your note books write down the terms and find the definitions. Make sure you don’t only write them down but you know how to demonstrate them.

BASIC MOVEMENTS • • • flexion / extension abduction / adduction internal / external rotation circumduction supination / pronation • • • protraction / retraction dorsiflexion / plantar flexion eversion / inversion elevation / depression opposition / reposition

Helpful Hints • In the anatomical position, all flexion/extension occurs in the _______ plane; all abduction/adduction occurs in the________plane; and all rotation occurs in the ___________ plane. • More involved movements are usually not in one specific plane but occurs as a ___________________ from more than one plane.

The Ten Biological Systems of the Human Body 1. The Skeletal System – Supports the body, protects vital organs, works in conjunction with the muscles to cause movement. 2. The Muscular System – Consists of 3 types of tissue: skeletal, smooth and cardiac. 3. The Respiratory System – Consists of the lungs and the airways leading to them. 4. The Circulatory System – Serves to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body and remove waste products from it. 5. The Nervous System – Oversees all the other systems and acts as a kind of control centre.

6. The Digestive System – Allows the body to break down food into simpler substances so they can enter the blood stream. 7. The Reproductive System – Consists of specialized organs that allow males and females to reproduce. 8. The Immune System – Helps to defend the body against infection and disease. 9. The Endocrine System – Consists of glands that secrete hormones that regulate various activities (metabolism, growth, development). 10. The Urinary System – Allows the body to eliminate waste products and regulate its water and chemical balance.