INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Basic Structure and

INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Basic Structure and Organization Mrs. La. Flamme

4 HS-EHS-2 4 Essential Question- What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Definitions: 4 Anatomy: the study of the form and structure of an organism 4 Physiology: the study of the process of living organisms; (why and how they work) 4 Pathophysiology: is the study of how disease occurs and how living organisms respond to the disease process

Anatomical Position 4 A human being in such a position is standing erect, with face forward, arms at the side, and palms forward

Coronal (Frontal) Plane 4 Divides the body into a front and a back – Anterior (Ventral) front – Posterior (Dorsal) back

Transverse Plane 4 Divides the body into a top and a bottom – Superior above – Cranial near the head – Inferior below – Caudal near the “tail-end”

Mid-sagittal (Median) Plane 4 Divides the body into a right and left side – Medial close to the midline – Lateral away from the midline

Points of Reference 4 Proximal – close to the point of reference 4 Distal – distant from the point of reference – Example – in describing the relationship of the wrist and elbow to the shoulder (point of reference)…. . the wrist is distal and the elbow is proximal to the shoulder

Points of Reference 4 Superficial – on or near the surface of the skin 4 Deep- term referring to within the body

IAN 4 Page 2 Draw a person in anatomical position and list four characteristics of this position 4 Page 3 Body Planes – Color the Transverse Plane Orange – Color the Midsagittal Plane Blue – Color the Frontal Plane Yellow

4 HS-EHS-2 4 Essential Question- Why do healthcare providers need to learn medical directional terms of the body?

Cavities of the Body ◌Dorsal cavity ◌ Cranial cavity ◌ Spinal cavity ◌Ventral cavity ◌ Thoracic cavity ◌ Abdominopelvic cavity ◌ Abdominal cavity ◌ Pelvic cavity

Abdominal Regions Epigastric Region Right Hypochondriac Region Right Lumbar Region Right Iliac Region Hypogastric Region Left Hypochondriac Region Left Lumbar Region Left Iliac Region Umbilical Region

Abdominal Quadrants

Cranial Cavity 4 Houses the brain

Nasal Cavity 4 For the nose structures

Buccal Cavity 4 Mouth cavity for the teeth and tongue

Orbital Cavity 4 Orbits for the eyes

Quick triage…

Life Functions 4 Life Functions are organized and related activities which allow living organisms to live, grow, and maintain themselves ~ homeostasis (balanced cellular enviroment 4 These vital functions include movement, ingestion, digestion, transport, respiration, synthesis, assimilation, growth, secretion, excretion, regulation, and reproduction

Body Processes 4 Metabolism: the functional activities of cells that result in growth, repair, energy release, use of food, and secretions 4 Anabolism: the building up of complex materials from simpler ones such as food and oxygen

Body Processes 4 Catabolism: the breaking down and changing of complex substances into simpler ones, with a release of energy and carbon dioxide Anabolism + Catabolism = Metabolism 4 Homeostasis: the maintenance of optimal internal environment of the human body

4 End of content for Organizational Quiz on Thursday.

IAN 4 Page 2 Draw a person in anatomical position and list four characteristics of this position 4 Page 3 Body Planes – Color the Transverse Plane Orange – Color the Midsagittal Plane Blue – Color the Frontal Plane Yellow 4 Page 4 Cavities of the Body – label 4 Page 5 Abdominal Regions/Quadrants