Introduction Section 1 China Section 2 Japan Section

Introduction Section 1: China Section 2: Japan Section 3: North Korea and South Korea Visual Summary

East Asia’s increasing participation in the global community, and the resulting diffusion of the region’s cultures, continue to have a profound effect on the world. East Asia’s growing and aging populations bring challenges for the future.

Section 1: China The characteristics and distribution of human populations affect physical and human systems. China’s economy and culture are undergoing changes as people migrate from rural areas to urban areas.

Section 2: Japan Culture influences people’s perceptions of places and regions. Japan’s mix of Asian and Western cultures has been a contributing factor to the country’s influence in the world.

Section 3: North Korea and South Korea Geography is used to interpret the past, understand the present, and plan for the future. North Korea and South Korea share similar histories but are moving in very different directions.

China’s economy and culture are undergoing changes as people migrate from rural areas to urban areas.

China • aborigine • ideogram • culture hearth • atheist • dynasty • design • philosophy • restriction

China A. Tibet B. Mongolia C. Shanghai D. Beijing E. Tianjin F. Guangzhou

China Are you familiar with the culture of China? A. Yes B. No C. Somewhat A. A B. B C. C

Population Patterns Cities and rural areas are changing as large numbers of Chinese move to urban areas. • The people: – About 92% of China’s people belong to the line of the Han family. – The other 8% belong to about 55 different ethnic groups.

Population Patterns (cont. ) – Tibetans – Aborigines— 2% of Taiwan’s inhabitants – Mongolians

Population Patterns (cont. ) • Density and distribution: – More than 90% of the people live on only onesixth of the land. – Most live in the fertile valleys and plains of China’s three great rivers.

Population Patterns (cont. ) • The increasing urbanization, along with population growth, has led to overcrowding in some Chinese cities. Chinese Population by Age and Sex

In China, the word “Chinese” means which of the following? A. Descendents of the Han family B. A person of the Middle Kingdom C. A person from China D. Immigrant from Taiwan A. B. C. D. A B C D

History and Government China has experienced powerful transformations throughout its long history. • Early dynasties and rulers: – Shang dynasty—first historical records kept – Zhou dynasty—Confucius and Laozi lived during this time. – Qin Shi Huang Di—built Great Wall

History and Government (cont. ) – Han and Tang dynasties – Ming dynasty – Qing dynasty Chinese Empires, 200 s B. C. – A. D. 900 s

History and Government (cont. ) • Revolutions: – 1927—Chiang Kai-shek formed the Nationalist government of the Republic of China. – 1949—the Communists won power and set up the People’s Republic of China.

History and Government (cont. ) • A Tale of Two Chinas: – Taiwan and China have intertwined economies despite differences.

History and Government (cont. ) • A Free Mongolia: – After the collapse of Soviet communism, the Mongolians adopted a democratic constitution.

Where did China’s culture begin? A. The North China Plain B. The valley of the Wei River C. Along the Chang Jiang River D. In the Tarim Basin A. B. C. D. A B C D

Culture Chinese culture is a mix of modern and traditional practices. • Education—in the past, only the wealthiest Chinese learned to read and write. – Today, literacy is on the rise.

Culture (cont. ) • Health care—better health care has increased life expectancy. • Language—Mandarin dialect of the Han Chinese language • Religion—many atheists; some hold onto Buddhism, Confucianism and Daoism • The arts—poetry, opera, porcelain pottery

The written Chinese language is represented by which of the following? A. Letters B. Hieroglyphics C. Ideograms D. Sanskrit A. B. C. D. A B C D

Japan’s mix of Asian and Western cultures has been a contributing factor to the country’s influence in the world.

Japan • homogeneous • cultural convergence • clan • shogun • samurai • document • global • haiku • acculturation • expert

Japan A. Tōkaidō corridor B. Tokyo C. Nagasaki D. Hiroshima

Japan Do you think Japan is predominantly a traditional or modern society? A. Traditional B. Modern A. A B. B

Population Patterns Japan’s ethnically homogeneous and highly urban society shapes population patterns. • The people: – About 99% of Japan’s population is ethnic Japanese.

Population Patterns (cont. ) • Density and distribution: – About 78% of Japan’s 127. 7 million people live in coastal urban areas, such as the Tōkaidō corridor. – Tokyo is the world’s most populous urban area. Population and Transportation in Japan

Japan’s northernmost large island is which of the following? A. Kagoshima B. Sendai C. Hokkaidō D. Akita A. B. C. D. A B C D

History and Government Japan has been shaped by both isolation from and interaction with other cultures throughout its history. • Early history: – China and Korea have a significant impact on Japan’s civilization. – Yamato dynasty

History and Government (cont. ) – Yoritomo Minamoto—first shogun – 1542—first contact with Europe – 1854—U. S. Navy pressures Japan to trade with the U. S. – Meiji Restoration

History and Government (cont. ) • Modern Japan: – Change from feudal country to a modern country – Cultural convergence – 1894– 1895—war with China – 1904– 1905—fought Russia – WWI and WWII Japan in World War II

History and Government (cont. ) – Invaded Manchuria and China – Pact with Nazi Germany – Today—democracy and second-largest economy

How did China and Korea have such an impact on Japan’s early civilization? A. Travel via boat B. Korean Peninsula C. Man-made bridges D. None of the above A. B. C. D. A B C D

Culture Japanese culture is a mix of ancient and modern influences. • Education—highly regarded and encouraged • Health care—improved health care has helped increase the average life expectancy to 82 years.

Culture (cont. ) • Language—Japanese • Religion—Buddhism and Shintoism • The arts—origami, tea ceremony, formal landscaping, Kabuki theater, poetry (haiku) • Family life—family is a source of stability and strength.

Which of the following languages has not influenced the Japanese language? A. Korean B. French C. English D. Mongolian A. B. C. D. A B C D

North Korea and South Korea share similar histories but are moving in very different directions.

North Korea and South Korea • cultural divergence • job • ideology

North Korea and South Korea A. Seoul B. P’yŏngyang

North Korea and South Korea When did North Korea and South Korea became separate countries? A. A. After World War II B. C. B. After the Korean War D. C. After World War I A B C D

Population Patterns Physical geography and an ethnically homogeneous population affect population patterns in North Korea and South Korea. • The people: – Ethnically homogenous – Small groups of Chinese, Japanese, and foreign nationals

Population Patterns (cont. ) • Density and distribution: – Most people inhabit coastal plains. – About two-thirds of the Korean population live in cities. – South Korea has more than twice as many people as North Korean Population Growth

Which of the following divides North Korea and South Korea? A. The Demilitarized Zone B. A series of large rivers C. Mountains D. A great wall A. B. C. D. A B C D

History and Government The decision to divide Korea into North Korea and South Korea remains an important factor in the two countries’ development. • Early history: – Influence of Chinese – Buddhism and Confucianism introduced

History and Government (cont. ) • Silla and Koryo dynasties • Invaded by Mongolia, China, Japan • Ruled by Japan; independence at end of WWII

History and Government (cont. ) • After the Korean War: – North Korea: • Centralized government controlled by the Korean Workers’ Party (KWP) • Economic stagnation, acute food shortages, serious mismanagement of crucial resources – South Korea: • Republic The Korean War

Which country tested a nuclear weapon in 2006? A. North Korea B. South Korea A. A B. B

Culture Ancient ties created a shared culture, while modern political divisions have fueled differences in North Korea and South Korea. • Education: – North Korea—teaches communist ideology – South Korea—improvement since WWII

Culture (cont. ) • Health care: – North Korea—people suffer from inadequate food, water, and heating supplies. – South Korea—successful, modern system

Culture (cont. ) • Language—Korean • Religion—Confucianism • The arts—vases glazed in celadon, Buddhist statues and sculptures, Buddhist temples

Which part of Korea has adopted many elements of Western culture and has a life expectancy of 77? A. North Korea B. South Korea A. A B. B

The People of East Asia • The populations of North Korea, South Korea, and Japan are ethnically homogenous. • China, Mongolia, and Taiwan have slightly more diverse populations. For example, China is home to about 56 different ethnic groups, most of which are Han Chinese. • Population in China and South Korea continues to grow, while Japan’s aging population is creating new challenges for the country.

History and Government • Confucianism and Daoism developed in China. Buddhism spread from India throughout East Asia. • China was ruled by a succession of dynasties until the early 1900 s. Today China’s government is an authoritarian one-party state. • Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Mongolia have democratically elected governments. • North Korea’s government is run by communist dictator Kim Jong II.

East Asia Today • Diplomatic and military pressure from the West has gradually opened up much of East Asia to the outside world. • With the exception of North Korea, East Asia has actively opened up its markets, and become a global exporter of goods. • North Korea remains economically cut off from the rest of the world.

Korea lies between Japan and China, and throughout the centuries both countries have influenced Korea. Communist North Korea was influenced politically by its proximity to China and Russia.

aborigine an area’s original inhabitants

culture hearth a center where cultures developed and from which ideas and traditions spread outward

dynasty a ruling house or continuing family of rulers, especially in China

ideogram a pictorial character or symbol that represents a specific meaning or idea

atheism the belief that there is no God

homogeneous of the same or similar kind or nature

clan tribal community or large group of people related to one another

shogun military ruler in medieval Japan

samurai in medieval Japan, a class of professional soldiers who lived by a strict code of personal honor and loyalty to a noble

cultural convergence the mixing of cultures

haiku form of Japanese poetry originally consisting of 17 syllables and three lines, often about nature

acculturation cultural modification of an individual, group, or people by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture

cultural divergence separation of people or societies, with regard to beliefs, values, and customs, because of distinctly different political systems

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