Introduction requirements During various diseases stages and stages

Introduction requirements

• During various diseases stages and stages of life, the nutritional and energy requirements of animals will vary. • Animals will need to meet their nutritional needs depending on their category: – Carnivores – Herbivores – Omnivores

Meeting energy requirements • Animals eat to obtain energy and it is therefore important that all nutritional requirements are balanced to the calorific level

What are calories? Calories are a measure of how much energy food or drink contains. • The amount of energy you need will depend on: – your age – for example, growing animals may need more energy – lifestyle – for example, how active your animal may be – size – height and weight can affect use of energy – Health – if the body is repairing after injury of disease

Maintaining a healthy weight • To maintain a healthy weight, you need to balance the amount of calories the animal consumes through food and drink with the amount of calories it burn through physical activity.

Feeding guidelines • Every bag of food has a suggested feeding guideline based on the weight of the animal. • Assessing the feeding plan should be assessed depending on the individual animal

Calculating energy requirement

• Basal Energy Requirements • Illness Energy Requirements

Calculating Energy Requirements • Basal energy requirements – defined as the rate at which your body uses energy when you are resting in order to keep vital functions going such as breathing. Also known as Resting Energy requirements (RER) Animal below 2 kg = 70 x bodyweight (kg) Animal above 2 Kg = 30 x bodyweight (Kg) + 70 Rabbit weighing 3. 5 kg (30 x 3. 5) + 70 105 + 70 = 175 kcal / 24 hrs

Calculating Energy requirements • Illness Energy Requirements: defined as the rate at which your body uses energy when under illness or disease : this also includes energy for resting (ber). Approximate energy requirements of sick animals Hospitalisation = BER x 1. 3 Minor Surgery / Trauma = BER x 1. 3 – 1. 5 Major Surgery = BER x 1. 5 – 1. 7 Severe Infections = BER x 1. 7 – 1. 8 Major Burns = BER x 2

Calculating Energy requirements • Illness Energy Requirements: defined as the rate at which your body uses energy when under illness or disease : this also includes energy for resting. Approximate energy requirements of sick animals / 24 hrs Hospitalisation = BER x 1. 3 Minor Surgery / Trauma = BER x 1. 3 – 1. 5 Major Surgery = BER x 1. 5 – 1. 7 Severe Infections = BER x 1. 7 – 1. 8 Major Burns = BER x 2 Rabbit weighing 3. 5 kg 175 kcal / 24 hrs x 1. 3 = 227. 5 = 228 kcal / 24 hrs

Calculate feeding quantities • You are required to read packaging to find out the calorie intake • For example 10 g of rabbit food(pellet) = 30 Kcal Rabbit weighing 3. 5 kg BER + Illness factor divided by kcal per gram (kal/g) Kcal/g = 30/10 = 3 228 kcal / 3 = 76 g / 24 hr period

Task • Calculate the BER of the following rabbit: • Bobby, weighing 3 kg Animal below 2 kg = 70 x bodyweight (kg) Animal above 2 Kg = 30 x bodyweight (Kg) + 70

Task • Calculate the BER of the following rabbit: • Bobby, weighing 3 kg Animal below 2 kg = 70 x bodyweight (kg) Animal above 2 Kg = 30 x bodyweight (Kg) + 70 (30 x 3) + 70 = 90 + 70 =160 kcals / 24 hrs

Now calculate illness factor for Bobby for a major burn Approximate energy requirements of sick animals Hospitalisation = BER x 1. 3 Minor Surgery / Trauma = BER x 1. 3 – 1. 5 Major Surgery = BER x 1. 5 – 1. 7 Severe Infections = BER x 1. 7 – 1. 8 Major Burns = BER x 2

Now calculate illness factor for Bobby for a major burn Approximate energy requirements of sick animals Hospitalisation = BER x 1. 3 Minor Surgery / Trauma = BER x 1. 3 – 1. 5 Major Surgery = BER x 1. 5 – 1. 7 Severe Infections = BER x 1. 7 – 1. 8 Major Burns = BER x 2 Illness factor = BER X 2 = 160 x 2 = 320 kcal / 24 hrs

Calculate bobbies feed quantities • 10 g of rabbit food = 30 kcal Rabbit weighing 3. 5 kg BER x Illness factor divided by kcal/g Kcal/g = 30/10 = 3 kcal per gram 320 kcal/3 = 107 g / 24 hr period

Task • Calculate the BER of the following dog: • Jim, weighing 5 kg Animal below 2 kg = 70 x bodyweight (kg) Animal above 2 Kg = 30 x bodyweight (Kg) + 70

Task • Calculate the BER of the following rabbit: • Jim, weighing 5 kg Animal below 2 kg = 70 x bodyweight (kg) Animal above 2 Kg = 30 x bodyweight (Kg) + 70 (30 x 5) + 70 = 150 + 70 =220 kcals / 24 hrs

Now calculate illness factor for Jim who has had a fracture repair Approximate energy requirements of sick animals Hospitalisation = BER x 1. 3 Minor Surgery / Trauma = BER x 1. 3 – 1. 5 Major Surgery = BER x 1. 5 – 1. 7 Severe Infections = BER x 1. 7 – 1. 8 Major Burns = BER x 2

Now calculate illness factor for Bobby for a major burn Approximate energy requirements of sick animals Hospitalisation = BER x 1. 3 Minor Surgery / Trauma = BER x 1. 3 – 1. 5 Major Surgery = BER x 1. 5 – 1. 7 Severe Infections = BER x 1. 7 – 1. 8 Major Burns = BER x 2 Illness factor = BER X 1. 5 = 220 x 1. 5 = 330 kcal / 24 hrs

Calculate bobbies feed quantities • 3 g of dog food = 1 kcal BER + Illness factor divided by kcal per gram (kal/g) Kcal per gram = 1/ 3 = 0. 3333 330 kcal /0. 3333 = 990 g / 24 hr period

Task from assignment Rusty Benny Rabbit 3. 5 kg Male Neutered Hospitalised for wound management on feet • Feed = 10 g rabbit pellet = 30 kcal • • • Cat 5 kg Adult Neutered Treatment for cat flu Feed 3 g cat food (whiskas) = 1 kcal Work out the following for each animal: Basal Energy Requirement Illness energy requirements Calculate feed quantities

Rusty • BER = (30 x 3. 5) + 70 = 105 + 70 = 175 kcal / 24 hrs Illness Factor – 1. 3 x 175 = 227. 5 kcal / 24 hrs Calculate quantity = kcal/g = 30 / 10 = 3 kcal / g = 228 / 3 = 76 g / 24 hr period

Benny • BER = (30 x 5) + 70 = 150 + 70 = 220 kcal / 24 hrs Illness Factor – 1. 8 x 220 = 396 kcal / 24 hrs Calculate quantity = kcal/ g= 1/3 = 0. 333 kcal/ g = 396 / 0. 333 = 1188 g / 24 hr period