Introduction pronunciation gods PRONUNCIATION The Latin alphabet is
Introduction, pronunciation, gods
PRONUNCIATION • The Latin alphabet is like ours except that it does not have j and w. The letters k, y and z are rare. They mostly appear in words of foreign origin. • All letters are sounded. There are no silent letters.
Consonants • Most consonants are exactly like English. The most important exceptions are: • • – – – V is pronounced like w !!!! C is always hard, as in cat. G is always hard, as in goat. R is “trilled”. i before a vowel is usually a consonant & sounds like y Vestavia, vomit, vēnī, vīdī, vīcī Gāius Iūlius Caesar Cavē canem! (beware the dog. ) Iuppiter, Iūnō, Roma phocus, theatrum
VOWELS • There are long and short vowels. • • • ā ē ī ō ū as in father. as in they (English “long a”) as in machine (English “long e”) as in clover. as in rude. –vēnī, vīdī, vīcī a as in Dinah e as in pet i as in pin. o as in off u as in put.
DIPHTHONGS • Combinations of vowels • ae as in aisle (English “long i”) • There are several other diphthongs that we will learn about as we go along. –Gaius Iulius Caesar –Graecia
–Salvē (hello to one person) – Salvēte (hello to more than one person) –Valē (farewell to one person) –Valēte (farewell to more than one person) –Avē atque valē (hail and farewell)
Vēnī, vīdī, vīcī! (I came, I saw, I conquered) Gaius Iulius Caesar (Julius Caesar)
Cavē canem! (beware the dog. )
Vestavia
Vomit=to spew out vomitorium-exit from the colosseum. • A vomitorium is a hallway in a Roman theater or an amphitheater that people come out of - the hallway that you walk through to get to your seat, or to get out of the amphitheater after the show. The Colosseum was so well designed that 50, 000 people could exit in 15 minutes.
Hic deus est Iuppiter.
Estne hic Iuppiter? • Minimē!
Estne hic Iuppiter? Ita vērō!
Haec dea est Iūnō
Estne haec Iūnō? • Minimē!
Estne haec Iūnō? • Ita vērō!
Hic deus est Neptūnus
Estne hic Neptūnus? • Minimē!
Estne hic deus Neptūnus? • Ita vērō!
Hic deus est Plūtō
S
Sa
Sal
Salv
Salve!
Estne hic deus Plūtō? • Minimē!
Estne hic deus Plūtō? • Ita vērō
Haec dea est Minerva
Estne haec dea Minerva? • Minimē!
Estne haec Minerva? • Ita vērō!
Hic deus est Mars
Estne hic deus Mars? • Minimē
Estne hic deus Mars? • Ita vērō!
Hic deus est Mercurius.
Estne hic deus Mercurius? • Minimē!
Estne hic deus Mercurius? • Ita vērō!
Hic deus est Apollō.
Estne hic Apollō? • . Minimē!
Estne hic deus Apollō? Ita vērō!
Haec dea est Diāna.
Estne haec dea Diāna? • Minimē!
Estne haec dea Diāna? • Ita verō!
Haec dea est Venus.
Estne haec dea Venus? • Minimē
Estne haec Venus? • Ita verō!
Hic deus est Volcānus.
Estne hic deus Volcanus?
Estne hic deus Volcanus? Ita verō! • God of work and crafts, fire, and blacksmiths • Symbols were hammer, anvil, and tongs • Was a crippled god • Only god to have been exiled from Mount Olympus and return
Hic deus est Bacchus.
Estne hic deus Bacchus? • Minimē!
Estne hic deus Bacchus? Ita vērō! • God of wine, theatre, and grapes • Symbols were grapes and leopard skin • Only god with a mortal parent • Initially was not an Olympian; took Hestia’s place
Haec est dea Cerēs
Estne haec dea Cerēs? • Minimē!
Estne haec dea Cerēs? Ita vero! • Goddess of agriculture • Symbol was sheaf of wheat/barley • Also controlled the seasons, creating them due to a myth regarding her daughter Persephone
Haec est dea Vesta
Estne haec dea Vesta? • Minimē!
Estne haec dea Vesta? Ita vērō! • Goddess of hearth, home, and family • Symbol was the hearth • Used to be Olympian, but became tired of all the bickering, and gave her place to Dionysus. • Gentlest of all Olympians • The 6 Vestal Virgins who tended the sacred fire of Rome were her priestesses.
Major Roman Gods • • Zeus = Jupiter Hera = Juno Poseidon = Neptune Hades = Pluto Athena = Minerva Ares = Mars Hermes = Mercury • • Apollo = Apollo Artemis = Diana Aphrodite = Venus Hephaestus = Vulcan Dionysus = Bacchus Demeter = Ceres Hestia = Vesta
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