INTRODUCTION Primary and Secondary Data Data v DATA

INTRODUCTION Primary and Secondary Data

Data v. DATA- Data is information in raw or unorganized form(such as alphabet, number or symbols) that refers to or represent ideas, object. v. Data can be defined as the quantitative or qualitative values of a variable. v. Data is plural of datum which literally means to give or something given. v Data is thought to be the lowest unit of information from which other measurements and analysis can be done. v. Data can be numbers, images, words, figures, facts or ideas. v Data sources are broadly classified into primary and secondary data.

IMPORTANCE OF DATA AND DATA COLLECTION Data is one of the most important and vital aspect of any research studies. Researchers conducted in different fields of study can be different in methodology but every research is based on data which is analyzed and interpreted to get information. Data is the basic unit in statistical studies. Statistical information like census, population variables, health statistics, and road accidents records are all developed from data.

TYPES OF DATA q TYPES: v PRIMARY DATA - collected by the researcher himself v SECONDARY DATA - collected by others to be "reused" by the researcher

PRIMARY DATA q. Data that has been collected from first-handexperience is known as primary data. q data should not have been published yet and is more reliable, authentic and objective. q data should not have been changed or altered by human beings, therefore its validity is greater than secondary data

METHOD OF COLLECTION OF PRIMARY DATA A. Observation method B. Oral Interviews C. Questionnaire method D. Schedule Method E. From Local Agents F. Survey Method B. A. C.

A. DIRECT PERSONAL OBSEVATION Systematically selecting, watching, and recording the behaviour and characteristics of living being, objects and phenomena q. STRUCTURED q. UNSTRUCTURED q. PARTICIPATIVE q. NON -PARTICIPATIVE

ORAL INTERVIEW q Involves oral questioning of respondents Either individually or as a group q Structured q Non -structured

ORAL INTERVIEW Steps: • Planning and preparing • Establishing rapports • Eliciting information • Recording responses • Interpreting the response

Questionnaire method v Questionnaire- A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of question and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondent. q. Self administered questionnaire q. Interviewer -administered questionnaire q. Telephone questionnaire q. Delivery and questionnaire q. Postal or mail questionnaire

SURVEY v SURVEY- A detailed study of geographical area to gather data attitudes, impressions, opinions, satisfaction level etc. , by polling a section of the population

MERIT OF PRIMARY DATA Ø Degree of accuracy is quite high. Ø It does not require extra caution. Ø It depicts the data in great detail. Ø Primary source of data collection frequently includes definitions of various terms and units used. Ø For some investigations, secondary data are not available.

DEMERIT OF PRIMARY DATA Ø Collection of data requires a lot of time. Ø Requires lot of finance. Ø In some enquiries it is not possible to collect primary data. Ø Requires a lot of labour. Ø Requires a lot of skill.