INTRODUCTION OF STEM CELL TECHNOLOGY Hariom Yadav 1
- Slides: 48
INTRODUCTION OF STEM CELL TECHNOLOGY Hariom Yadav 1, Shalini Jain 1 and Mukesh Yadav 2 1 nimal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, INDIA 2 SOS in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior-474011, M. P. , INDIA Corresponding author: Email: yadavhariom@gmail. com
Importance of Stem Cell Research 11/26/2020 Dr. Hariom Yadav
Stem Cell History 1998 - Researchers first extract stem cells from human embryos 1999 - First Successful human transplant of insulin-making cells from cadavers 2001 - President Bush restricts federal funding for embryonic stem-cell research 2002 - Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International creates $20 million fund-raising effort to support stem-cell research 2002 - California ok stem cell research 2004 - Harvard researchers grow stem cells from embryos using private funding 2004 - Ballot measure for $3 Billion bond for stem cells 11/26/2020 Dr. Hariom Yadav
Stem Cell – Definition • A cell that has the ability to continuously divide and differentiate (develop) into various other kind(s) of cells/tissues 11/26/2020 Dr. Hariom Yadav
Stem Cell Characteristics Ø ‘Blank cells’ (unspecialized) Ø Capable of dividing and renewing themselves for long periods of time (proliferation and renewal) Ø Have the potential to give rise to specialized cell types (differentiation) 11/26/2020 Dr. Hariom Yadav
11/26/2020 Dr. Hariom Yadav
Kinds of Stem Cells Stem cell type Totipotent Pluripotent Multipotent 11/26/2020 Description Each cell can develop into a new individual Examples Cells from early (13 days) embryos Some cells of Cells can form any (over blastocyst (5 to 14 200) cell types days) Cells differentiated, but Fetal tissue, cord can form a number of blood, and adult other tissues stem cells Dr. Hariom Yadav
Stem Cell Differentiation 11/26/2020 Princeton University Dr. Hariom Yadav
Kinds of Stem Cells Embryonic stem cells come from a five to six-day-old embryo. They have the ability to form virtually any type of cell found in the human body. Embryonic germ cells are derived from the part of a human embryo or foetus that will ultimately produce eggs or sperm (gametes). Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells found among specialised or differentiated cells in a tissue or organ after birth. Based on current research they appear to have a more restricted ability to produce different cell types and to self-renew. 11/26/2020 Dr. Hariom Yadav
Blastocyst Diagram 11/26/2020 Princeton University Dr. Hariom Yadav
Sexual Reproduction 11/26/2020 The Association of Reproductive Health Professionals Dr. Hariom Yadav
Stages of Embryogenesis Day 1 Fertilized egg 11/26/2020 Day 2 2 -cell embryo Day 11 -14 Dr. Hariom Yadav Tissue Differentiation Day 3 -4 Multi-cell embryo Day 5 -6 Blastocyst
Derivation and Use of Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Isolate inner cell mass (destroys embryo) Outer cells (forms placenta) Inner cells (forms fetus) Day 5 -6 Blastocyst 11/26/2020 “Special sauce” (largely unknown) Dr. Hariom Yadav Kidney Culture cells Heart muscle Heart repaired
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Embryonic stem cells 11/26/2020 Dr. Hariom Yadav
Adult stem cells 11/26/2020 Dr. Hariom Yadav
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11/26/2020 Dr. Hariom Yadav
11/26/2020 Dr. Hariom Yadav
Applications Ø Disease • Diabetes, Spinal cord injury, Parkinson’s disease, heart disease Ø Genetic based Disease • Cystic fibrosis, Huntington’s 11/26/2020 Dr. Hariom Yadav
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Unknowns in Stem Cell/Cloning Research It is uncertain that human embryonic stem cells in vitro can give rise to all the different cell types of the adult body. • It is unknown if stem cells cultured in vitro (apart from the embryo) will function as the cells do when they are part of the developing embryo • 11/26/2020 Dr. Hariom Yadav
Challenges to Stem Cell/Cloning Research Stem cells need to be differentiated to the appropriate cell type(s) before they can be used clinically. • Recently, abnormalities in chromosome number and structure were found in three human ESC lines. • 11/26/2020 Dr. Hariom Yadav
Challenges to Stem Cell/Cloning Research Stem cell development or proliferation must be controlled once placed into patients. • Possibility of rejection of stem cell transplants as foreign tissues is very high. • 11/26/2020 Dr. Hariom Yadav
Challenges to Stem Cell/Cloning Research Contamination by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and Mycoplasma possible. • The use of mouse “feeder” cells to grow ESC could result in problems due to xenotransplantation (complicating FDA requirements for clinical use). • 11/26/2020 Dr. Hariom Yadav
Stem cell and cloning Immune rejection Somatic cell nuclear transfer 11/26/2020 Dr. Hariom Yadav
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Thanks 11/26/2020 (Time 2. 19. 01) Dr. Hariom Yadav
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- Jyoti yadav md
- Dr satyendra yadav
- Mitosis
- Keva triple stem cell benefits
- Stem cell politics
- Stem cell
- Stem cell culture
- Stem cell therapy rhode island
- Allogeneic stem cell transplant
- Stem cell markers slideshare
- Classification of stem cells
- Allogeneic stem cell transplant
- Leukemoid reaction
- "native stem cell"
- Stem cell or bone marrow transplantation thailand
- Open cell library in 15nm freepdk technology
- Cell city analogy
- Advantages of diaphragm cell
- Site:slidetodoc.com
- Prokaryotic
- Venn diagram animal and plant cells
- Ecell vs log cu2+
- Dry cell vs wet cell
- Comparing animal and plant cells venn diagram
- Function of the cell wall
- Tonoplast
- Plant cell structure
- Cell wall cell membrane
- Morphology of cells in culture
- Finite and continuous cell lines
- Cell city analogy answer key
- Lead acid battery primary or secondary
- Differences between plant animal and bacterial cells
- Cell-cell junction
- Cell-cell junction
- What cell organelle is like lysol spray cleaning the cell
- Section 10-2 cell division
- Prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell
- Eukaryotic cell animal cell
- The scientist mathias schleiden studied _______ in ______.
- Organelle graphic organizer answer key
- Idealized animal cell and plant cell
- Walker cell and hadley cell
- Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic transcription worksheet
- Cell cycle and cell division
- Biology.arizona.edu/cell bio/activities/cell cycle/01.html