Introduction of Skin and fascia Dr Navneet Kumar
- Slides: 29
Introduction of Skin and fascia Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy)
Introduction of structures met in dissection • • Skin Superficial fascia Artery, Vein , Nerve Deep fascia Muscles Bones joints Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy
Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy
Objectives Introduction to ØSkin. Ø Fascia. - Superficial Fascia - Deep Fascia. Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy
Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy
Skin Ø Structure of skin. Ø Functions of skin. Ø Appendages of skin. Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy
Structure of the skin Dermis Epidermis q Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium devoid of blood vessels Connective tissue containing (bl. v. lymph v. , sensory nerve endings, smooth m, hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands) In its deep part the collagen bundles are arranged in parallel rows Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy
Skin • Layers of skin • Epidermis • Five type of layers • Dermis • Two type of layers Junction • Dermal papilla • Epidermal peg (rete pegs) Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy
Skin…. • Epidermis 1. Stratum basale • Single layer of columnar cells 2. Stratum spinosum • Several layers of polyhedral cells, spine like process, tonofilament 3. Stratum granulosum • Keratohyline granules 4. Stratum lucidum • Homogeneous keratin, fusiform cells 5. Stratum corneum-non nucleated keratinized dead cells Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy)
Skin…. . Dermis • Papillary layer • Tactile papilla • Vascular papilla • Collagen fibre • Reticular layer Collagen fibre • Sweat glands • Sebaceous glands • Hairs Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy)
Skin…… • Thick skin -No hairs • Thin skin • Devoid of Stratum lucidum Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy)
Functions of the Skin • • • 1 -Protection �abrasion, invasion, water loss, UV protection 2 -Vitamin D synthesis �epidermal keratinocytes when exposed to UV light �helps maintain health of skeleton by increasing absorption of Ca 2+ • 3 -Sensation • �receptors for heat, cold, touch, pressure, vibration and pain Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy
• 4 - Thermoregulation • �thermo receptors and sweat glands • �hypothalamus controls cutaneous arteries and sweat glands to retain or dissipate heat • 5 - Psychological and social functions • �appearance and social acceptance • �facial expression and nonverbal communication Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy
The appendages of the skin • Nails • Hairs • Sebaceous glands • Sweat glands Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy)
Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy
Fascia Collection of connective tissue Superficial fascia Deep fascia Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy
Superficial fascia: • • Loose, mixture of adipose and loose areolar tissues. It unites the skin to the underlying structures. It is dense in some places as scalp, palm of hand sole of foot and contains collagen bundles It is thin in the eyelids, auricle, scrotum, penis and clitoris (devoid of adipose tissue). Functions: • • Facilitates movement of skin over underlying structures. Passage for cutaneous vessels, nerves… Protects the body against heat loss. Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy)
Superficial fascia
Superficial Fascia Site with Very less fat -Eyelids -Pinna -Penis • Site with more fat - Breast - Abdomen -Gluteal region • Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy)
Deep fascia It is more dense than superficial fascia Collagenous bundles are more compact and more regularly arranged It is usually present in the form of membranes Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy)
Examples of deep fascia A. Investing fascia • • Covers the surfaces of muscles In the neck: it forms well-defined layers, bounds fascial spaces so limits spread of infection or determine the path of infection In the abdomen: it is thin In the limbs: forms a definite sheath around the muscles • Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy) •
Examples of deep fascia………. . B. Inter muscular septa lie between muscles dividing the limb into compartments Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy
Examples of deep fascia………. . C. Retinacula Localized thickening of deep fascia around joints, hold the tendons in place, prevent bowstringing of tendon Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy)
Examples of deep fascia………. . • Fibrous sheath - eg. Carotid sheath • Fibrous capsule Axillary sheath -eg Parotid capsule • Ligaments Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy)
Absence of deep fascia • • • Face Breast Penis Anterior abdominal wall Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy)
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