Introduction of Netherlands Groasis Watersaving Technology Gansu Desert

国家林业局引进国际先进林业科学技术项目 Introduction of Netherlands Groasis Water-saving Technology Gansu Desert Control Research Institute 10, Oct. , 2015

Outline 一. Project situation 二. Project contents, technical specification and objectives 三. Project Implementation 四. Project prospect and further arrangement 五. Problems and suggestions

一. Project Situation Project No: 2013 -4 -67 Project Title: Introduction of Netherlands Groasis Water-saving Technology Organization: Gansu Desert Control Research Institute Leading Researcher : Man Duoqing, Liu Shizeng Duration： 2013 -2015 Budget： 70, 000 Euro

二. Project contents, Technical specification and Objectives 2. 1. Introduction （1） Introduction of Groasis water-boxx technology; （2） introduction of Groasis water-boxx 2. 2. Technical specification and objectives （1） Introducing a set of Groasis water-boxx technology, introducing Groasis water-boxx 300 sets; （2）Provide a set of water-boxx water-saving technology at difficult land afforestation in China desert area; （3） Through the technical introduction, master and improve the technology, reduce the boxx cost and realize large scale extension; （4） Realize water-saving afforestation and demonstration of 20 plant species at difficult landtypes in Minqin desert and mountainous areas of 6. 7 hm 2, surviving ratio is improved by 40% more，watersaving efficiency is improved by 30 -50%； （5）Publish 6 -8 papers；educating 1 -2 Ms.

三. Project Implementation 3. 1 Water-boxx Introduction In 2012 -2013 Introduced and learned Groasis water-boxx technology and concerned knowledge from foreign experts and internet; In May, 2013 Introduced Groasis water-boxx 300 sets.

三. Project Implementation • Technical material collection and introduction

三. Project Implementation

三. Project Implementation 3. 2 Plant species selection v Desert plant species：Picea mongolica, Pinus sylvestris var. Mongolica, Pinus Pinea, Sabina vulgaris, Prunus Mongolica, Populus euphratica, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Hippophae rhamnoides, Haloxylon ammodendron, Caragana korshinskii, Hedysarum scoparium, Calligonum mongolicum, Caragana sinica, Tamarix ramosissima, Ulmus pumila, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Atraphaxis bracteata, Nitraria tangutorum, Zygophyllum xanthoxylum. v Mountainous tree species: Picea crassifolia, Sabina przewalskii, Picea mongolica v Vegetable plant species：eggplant, pepper, tomato. 24 plant species in total joined in the experiments.

三. Project Implementation

三. Project Implementation 3. 3 The experiment and demonstration of water-saving afforestation in different landtypes 6 difficult landtypes in Minqin desert and mountainous areas were selected and afforested by Groasis boxx. The difficult landtypes were moving dunes, semi-fixed sandy land, low land among dunes, grain to green land, farmland mountainous areas, a lot of experiments were done for water saving afforestation, the technology were summarized.

Afforestation in Moving dune area

Afforestation in semi-fixed sandy land area 半固定沙丘

Afforestation in lowland among dunes

Afforestation in Grain to Green land

Vegetable plantation in farmland • 困难立地条件的选择

Afforestation in Mountainous slopes

三. Project Implementation Some afforestation demonstration

三. Project Implementation Some afforestation extension

三. Project Implementation Plant surviving ratio(%) in different landtypes afforestation（%） landtype Farmland in the oasis fringe Abandon ed land ( grain to green land) Plant species tomato pepper Egg-plant Survivin g ratio（ %） 100. 00 control （%） Improvem ent（%） 62. 50 50. 00 37. 50 50. 00 62. 5 grape 78. 57 75. 14 3. 43 Chinese date Wolf-berrry Pinus Pinea Pinus sylvestris Picea mongolica artimisia Atraphaxis Caragana Calligonum Tamarix Ulmus Elaeagnus Sabina vulgaris 32. 14 57. 14 87. 50 71. 40 28. 57 18. 75 -39. 26 28. 57 68. 75 100. 00 46. 88 53. 12 75. 00 21. 86 53. 14 43. 75 93. 75 78. 13 40. 63 71. 87 68. 75 43. 75 33. 36 66. 67 50. 00 18. 75 56. 25 18. 75 10. 39 27. 08 28. 13 21. 88 15. 62 62. 50 25. 00 94. 38 58. 32 36. 06 landtype Low land among dunes Semifixed sandy land Moving dunes Mountai nous area 霸王 毛条 沙蒿 Survivin g ratio（ %） 70. 00 60. 43 0. 00 Improve ment（ %） 70. 00 60. 43 白刺 62. 21 0. 00 62. 21 花棒 沙冬青 沙拐枣 89. 06 90. 01 70. 10 65. 33 0. 00 40. 03 23. 73 90. 01 30. 07 沙木蓼 90. 02 60. 00 30. 02 柽柳 60. 28 0. 00 60. 28 花棒 梭梭 沙冬青 梭梭 沙拐枣 青海云杉 沙地云杉 75. 26 95. 30 90. 00 35. 12 35. 48 89. 62 82. 31 38. 49 60. 38 0. 00 3. 53 5. 3 65. 37 57. 45 36. 77 34. 92 90. 00 31. 59 30. 18 24. 25 24. 86 祁连圆柏 92. 01 68. 53 23. 48 Plant species control （%）

三. Project Implementation Through the water-saving afforestation experiments by water-boxx， plant surviving ratio is improved 10 -90% in 6 landtypes, average surviving ratio was improved 25% and more，the soil moisture is lower and environment is harsher, plant surviving ratio is more higher. Generally, Plant surviving ratio situation are low land among dunes＞semi-fixed sandy land＞moving dunes area＞ abandoned land＞mountainous slope area＞farmland than the control(contrast).

三. Project Implementation After Groasis afforestation, the water-boxx itself influences the surroudings micro-environment of the boxx, The plants can be shade, adjust the temperature, reduce wind-sand wind-erosion, improve the air humidity, improve microorganism envir. , avoid weeds growth and wild animal bite and so on. It provides a very good micro-envir. for plant survive and growth.

三. Project Implementation Wind-erosion effect research after Water-boxx afforestation It is obvious effect for reducing wind-erosion in the box surroundings 迎风面 部位 右侧面 左侧面 背风面沙脊 名称 风蚀沟宽 风蚀沟深 风积沙宽 风积沙高 沙脊长 流动沙丘 27. 25± 2. 81 26. 95± 2. 01 18. 58± 1. 30 21. 01± 1. 46 22. 59± 2. 65 21. 89± 0. 97 46. 71± 2. 46 10. 15± 1. 10 147. 85± 10. 64 半固定沙丘 10. 32± 1. 39 5. 11± 0. 97 6. 34± 1. 22 3. 53± 0. 91 7. 74± 1. 35 3. 93± 1. 06 23. 55± 5. 64 0. 29± 0. 32 35. 58± 8. 55 流动沙丘 22. 94± 3. 59 26. 57± 2. 55 20. 04± 2. 92 22. 36± 1. 47 23. 08± 2. 91 18. 56± 2. 33 45. 59± 4. 26 9. 26± 2. 38 126. 08± 9. 01 半固定沙丘 13. 05± 0. 97 8. 74± 1. 37 8. 83± 1. 35 6. 22± 1. 41 11. 85± 1. 25 5. 33± 0. 76 24. 97± 4. 23 0. 74± 1. 42 39. 58± 6. 99 流动沙丘 18. 65± 4. 92 14. 43± 1. 14 14. 27± 3. 13 13. 02± 1. 20 11. 17± 2. 11 8. 34± 2. 44 47. 23± 1. 28 1. 48± 1. 77 116. 58± 6. 15 半固定沙丘 10. 08± 1. 82 7. 78± 2. 39 7. 05± 1. 07 8. 88± 2. 26 3. 75± 1. 87 2. 63± 1. 36 16. 25± 5. 89 2. 93± 0. 73 38. 81± 6. 32 顶部 中部 底部

三. Project Implementation 3. 5 Plant growth after afforestation The plant height comparsion between box plant and control Plant growth of box differences（ Height of control（cm） species afforestation（cm） 意大利石松 11. 06 10. 51 0. 55 樟子松 26. 90 21. 04 5. 86 沙蒿 61. 33 31. 83 29. 50 沙木蓼 129. 00 44. 32 84. 68 毛条 43. 56 30. 14 13. 42 沙拐枣 49. 50 43. 00 6. 50 多枝柽柳 60. 00 32. 00 28. 00 After 3 years Groasis afforestation experiments，most of plants can improve growth 15 -40% than the control，the biggest growth can improve 300%. In the first year, the growth of needle trees is not obvious differences, however, broad plants are obvious differences in growth.

三. Project Implementation 3. 6 Cooperation and training April, 2012, Mr. pieter and Ms Zhang Suchao visit Gansu Desert Control Research Institute (GDCRI) , We have a good cooperation and information exchange, and applicate the project. 16 -18, April, 2013, Mr. Pieter and Ms Zhang Suchao visit GDCRI, 58 participants from Gansu province, China joined the training course on water-boxx technology, a new technology was learned and a good information exchange and cooperation was done with aridafforestation. May, 2013, Ms Zhang Suchao visited the experiments and supervised the afforestation

Afforestation demonstration

三. Project Implementation 3. 7 The project achievements 1. Finished introduction of Groasis water-boxx technology and Groasis water-boxx 300 sets; 2. Finished the technology absorption and using recreation in China. 3. Realized water-saving afforestation and demonstration of 24 more plant species at 6 difficult landtypes in Minqin desert and mountainous areas of 6. 7 hm 2, surviving ratio is improved by 40% more，water-saving efficiency is improved by 30 -50%and extension 4. Publish 4 papers, master the technology, educated 2 Ms. Finished the project objectives

四. Development prospect The technology can be adopted in difficult landtypes of water shortage arid and semiarid areas, like desert, Gobi, salty land, mountainous and hill land, karst land, abandoned mine and so on. It is suited in the arid and semiarid area afforestation. In the area of precipitation is more than 150 mm or ground water table is higher than 6 m, after the right plant species selection and afforestation, it can have a good eco-restoration. However, in the extreme arid area, it is deep ground water table and very low precipitation, the soil moisture is too low naturally in the deep soil, afforestation should be carefully. It can be extended extensively in China arid and semi-arid areas.

五. Problems and suggestions v The technology is adapted in the arid and semiarid areas, the infiltrating fiber strand has some problems, some water infiltrating ability is weak, some changed hard and weak ability after one year, some boxx were broken. v The cost is high for eco-plants, it can be used for cash plants. v Suggestion: The technical device and principal is rational, it is very useful for eco-restoration afforestation in difficult landtypes, however, in the extreme arid, it is limited. v Before plantation in the moving dune area, it should use the sand barrier to fix the dunes first, otherwise, it can not success. v The water-boxx cost is too high, it is limited in the use of ecoplant afforestation, the cost should be reduced.

Thank you !