Introduction Natural intelligence Artificial intelligence AI History of

Introduction Natural intelligence Artificial intelligence (AI) History of AI Characteristics of AI system AI tasks AI roots and applications

WHAT A BRAIN CAN DO? Solve maths problem Recognize a ball Predict weather Search solution Diagnose disease Understand speech /language Plan natural ……………… Learn Make decision Commonsense reasoning

natural

natural AI is …. artificial an ‘imitation’ of human intelligence into a machine

Not consistent Cannot be copied or transferred High cost natural Difficult to be documented Creative Wider focus

Consistent Can be copied or transferred Low cost Can be documented Limited focus artificial

DEFINITION John Mc. Carthy “science and engineering of making intelligent machines” Marvin Minsky “science of making computers DO things that require intelligence if they are done by humans” Durkin Jackson “science of making a computer REASON in a manner similar to humans”

DIMENSION System thinks like human rationally System acts like human rationally

DIMENSION Cognitive Science perspective (thinking process) Engineering perspective (behavior)

DIMENSION System thinks like human System thinks rationally System acts like System acts human rationally

DIMENSION Compare system against human Compare system against real concept of intelligence

HISTORY Re-emergence 2000 s 2 nd AI winter 1988 1 st commercialization 1980 Rebirth 1969 -1979 1 st AI winter 1966 -1973 LISP 1958 Dartmouth workshop 1956 Period of enthusiasm 1952 -1962 Turing test 1950 1 st NN computer built 1950

AI EVOLUTION Embedded application 2000 onwards Multiple integration 1990 s Domain knowledge 1980 s General method 1970 s Naïve solution 1960 s

TURING TEST TURING MACHINE This game ends when the interrogator made his guess Turing machine pass the test if the interrogator fails to recognize with whom (or with what) he is communicating.

CHARACTERISTIC A B C on(a, b) on(b, c) on(c, table) clear(a) S NP The birds fly VP D N V the birds fly s(np(det(the), noun(birds)), vp(v(fly))) 1 - Knowledge processing

CHARACTERISTIC 2 - Focus on heuristic 3 - Symbolic processing 4 - Possess inference ability 5 - Learns

AI TASKS Mundane Formal Expert

APPLICATION “We may not have fullfunctioning robots that cater our every need, but AI is embedded in our everyday lives. ” - Computer World

APPLICATION “Once tools get far enough out of the lab, they’re no longer AI, just common computer science. ” - Prof. George Luger

APPLICATION Household gadgets • washing machine • rice cooker • microwave • vacuum cleaner

APPLICATION Hi, my name is Stanley Autonomous vehicle

APPLICATION Search engine crawlers Flip. Dog Net. Flix (natural language processing technology) News Finder

APPLICATION Automobile safety system self-parking intelligent cruise control lane departure warning

APPLICATION Voice response system (IVR) Speech recognition Natural language understanding

APPLICATION Jenn Chatter bot Alice Captain Kirk Alex Eva (natural language processing technology) George

APPLICATION Resource allocation problem Optimizing airport schedule (genetic algorithm technology)

APPLICATION Credit card fraud detection Falcon (neural network technology) Pap smear screening Focal. Point (expert system technology)