INTRODUCTION Management information systems combine hardware software and

INTRODUCTION Management information systems combine hardware, software and network products in an integrated solution that provides managers with data in a format suitable for analysis, monitoring, decisionmaking and reporting. The system collects data, stores it in a database and makes it available to users over a secure network.

information system that gathers, stores, processes, and distributes data associated with Management Information System (MIS) is an organized, automated, and diverse different departments of the organization. This data is processed in various forms, such as graphs, diagrams, charts, and reports to generate accurate, relevant and valuable information for the management. This information is further communicated to the various departments to be used for decision-making and business management. MIS system provides central storage of all the business information. There are various types of MIS systems which are used to gain better understanding of the market and enterprise. MIS is used across all levels in an organization. For example, MIS provides vital information at senior levels to help make strategic decisions. At other levels, MIS observes an organization's activities and distributes information to everyone in the organization and customers. MIS is very important for every organization because it not only collects and manages information, but also represents it in various formats useful for the management to make important organizational decisions.

MIS AND DECISION MAKING PROCESS MIS is a system providing management with accurate and timely information. Such information is necessary to facilitate the decisionmaking process and enable the organizations planning, control, and operational functions to be carried out effectively. MISs increase competitiveness of the firm by reducing cost and improving processing speed. The power of technology has transformed the role of information in a business firm. Now information has become recognized as the lifeblood of an organization and without information, the modern company is dead MIS and its organizational subsystems contribute to the decision making process in many ways.

Methodologies, Models, Tools and Techniques • A system development methodology –provides guidelines to follow for completing every activity in the systems development life cycle. • A model is a representation of some important aspect of the real world some models used in system development --Flowchart, DFD, ERD, Structure charts Use case diagrams, class diagrams, seq. diagrams some models used to manage the development process --PERT charts, Gantt chart organ. Hierarchy chart --Financial analysis models –NPV, ROI

IMPACT OF THE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM Since the MIS plays a very important role in the organization, it creates an impact on the organizationís functions, performance and productivity. The impact of MIS on the functions is in its management. With a go d sup ort, the management of marking, finance, production and person el become more ef icient. The tracking and monitoring of the functional targets becomes easy. The functional, managers are informed about he progres , achievements and shortfal s in the probable trends in the various aspects of busines. This helps in forecasting and long- term perspective plan ing. The managerís at ention is brought to a situation which is exceptional in nature, inducing him to take an action or a decision in the mat er. A disciplined information reporting system creates a structured data and a knowledge base for al the people in the organization. The information is available in such a form that it can be used straight away or by blending analysis,

TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS An information system is a collection of hardware, software, data, people and procedures that are designed to generate information that supports the day-to-day, short-range, and long-range activities of users in an organization. Information systems generally are classified into five categories: office information systems, transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and expert systems. The following sections present each of these information systems. 1. Office Information Systems An office information system, or OIS (pronounced oh-eye-ess), is an information system that uses hardware, software and networks to enhance work flow and facilitate communications among employees. Win an office information system, also described as office automation; employees perform tasks electronically using computers and other electronic devices, instead of manually. With an office information system, for example, a registration department might post the class schedule on the Internet and e-mail students when the schedule is updated. In a manual system, the registration department would photocopy the schedule and mail it to each student’s house.

• . Transaction Processing Systems 2 A transaction processing system (TPS) is an information system that captures and processes data generated during an organization’s day-to-day transactions. A transaction is a business activity such as a deposit, payment, order or reservation. Clerical staff typically perform the activities associated with transaction processing, which include the following: 1. Recording a business activity such as a student’s registration, a customer’s order, an employee’s timecard or a client’s payment. 2. Confirming an action or triggering a response, such as printing a student’s schedule, sending a thank-you note to a customer, generating an employee’s paycheck or issuing a receipt to a client. 3. Maintaining data, which involves adding new data, changing existing data, or removing unwanted data.

3. Management Information Systems While computers were ideal for routine transaction processing, managers soon realized that the computers’ capability of performing rapid calculations and data comparisons could produce meaningful information for management. Management information systems thus evolved out of transaction processing systems. Amanagement information system, or MIS (pronounced em-eye-ess), is an information system that generates accurate, timely and organized information so managers and other users can make decisions, solve problems, supervise activities, and track progress. Because it generates reports on a regular basis, a management information system sometimes is called a management reporting system (MRS).

• 4. Decision Support Systems • Transaction processing and management information systems provide information on a regular basis. Frequently, however, users need information not provided in these reports to help them make decisions. A sales manager, for example, might need to determine how high to set yearly sales quotas based on increased sales and lowered product costs. Decision support systems help provide information to support such decisions. A decision support system (DSS) is an information system designed to help users reach a decision when a decision-making situation arises. A variety of DSSs exist to help with a range of decisions.

Describe the MIS Structure Based on the Physical Components • Structure of MIS may be understood by looking at the physical components of the information system in an organization. The physical components of an organizational information system may be hardware, software, database, manual procedures and operating persons.

A management information system (MIS) is an organized combination of people, hardware, communication networks and data sources that collects, transforms and distributes information in an organization. An MIS helps decision making by providing timely, relevant and accurate information to managers. The physical components of an MIS include hardware, software, database, personnel and procedures.

STRUCTURE MANAGEMENT OF MIS