Introduction into Latin palaeography 5 Humanist scripts Fifteenth

Introduction into Latin palaeography 5 Humanist scripts Fifteenth century

Humanist script • litterae antiquae – attested in the 13 th c. (vs. modernae) • Attempts at imitating 10 th-11 thc. Carolingian minuscule c. 13 th c. : Lovato Lovati (Padua), Landolfo Colonna in Avignon • Petrarca: vetustioris littere maiestas re an 11 th-c. ms. in Carolingian (sobrius ornatus, fam. 18. 3, 11 -4. 1355) • Develops his own semi-Gothic • Boccaccio adopts Petrarc’s semi -Gothic • Coluccio Salutati, chancellor of Florence: pre-antiqua Petrarch’s hand, 1357 -62

Antiqua horum temporum • • • Salutati’s circle in Florence: Poggio Bracciolini (1380 -1459), Niccolò Niccoli (1364 -1437) Poggio beg 1390 s: 12 th-c. Carolingian minuscule Decoration with bianchi girari (=Florentine vinestem) < central Italy 10 th-11 th c. < Saint Gall – Reichenau – Einsiedeln 9 th c. Poggio 1408: capitalis monumentalis (quadrata) as display script Niccoli: central idea in developing the Florentine humanist ms. Niccoli finances Poggio’s expeditions during the Council of Constance 1414 -1418) Poggio Vat. Urb. Lat. 224 Francesco d’Antonio del Chierico

Vat. Urb. lat. 224 Scribe: Nicolaus Riccius Spinosus = Niccolò di Antonio di Pardo de’ Ricci 1434/5 -after 1490 Active between End 1450 s- 1480 s (at least 21 mss. Urbb. ) Artist: Francesco d’Antonio del Chierico active 1450 s-1480 s Bottega Vespasiano Bisticci bianchi girari

Classical antiqua • Scribe: Amerigo Corsini, 1465 • Artist: Francesco d’Antonio del Chierico

Bianchi girari • Firenze, Francesco d’Antonio del Chierico, 1465

Bianchi girari = Florentine vinestem • Florence, Francesco d’Antonio del Chierico, 1465

Niccolò Niccoli’s (1364 -1437) cursive hand

Northern Italy • Veneto, Padua and surroundings • Venice: first centre of antiqua outside Tuscany from 1412/3 • from 1406 Guarino Guarini (Veronese) (1374 -1460): archaicising semi. Gothic script based on 12 th-13 th-c. Italian Gothic cursives, with Greek elements (A, M) • Northern Italy: no Carolingian model, based on Bastard and cursive scripts of the late 14 th c. • Decoration: Gothic still in the 1420 s • Personal variation, different degrees of cursivity

Humanism of the second half of the fifteenth century • From c. 1460 • Restauration of the Roman capitals • Antiquarian studies: epigraphy, Classical archaeology • Centres: Padua, Verona • Giovanni Marcanova: epigraphy (doctor, d. 1467) • Felice Feliciano, scribe (1433 -1479) • Andrea Mantegna, artist (c. 1431 -1506)

Epigraphic capitals Domenico Ghirlandaio, Cappella Sassetti S. Trinita, Florence 14831486

Pala d’altare: Adorazione dei magi

Humanist script 1450 -1500 • Northern Italy: geometrical model (< Classical capitals) > vertical littera antiqua (writing angle 90 degrees) • Italics: Veneto, then Roma • Slightly inclined, calligraphical • Cursive a, long f s plunge, round s end of words • Roman epigraphic capitals with chiaroscuro • Florentine models eliminated • Print characters derive from the Northern antiqua, Italics and restored Classical capitals

KB, GKS 2145 4°, Plutarch, Vitae, Lat. transl. by Leonardo Bruni, Vita Aristotelis

Petrarch, Trionfo sulla morte BL, Harley 5761, f. 29. Francesco d’Antonio del Chierico. 14751484

Classical Italics • Fabr. 80 8°: Franciscus Petrarca, Bucolicum carmen Parchment, 41 ff. , ca. 21 × 12 cm; Italy, 15 th

Italics Lorenzo Parmenio, De rebus gestis Julii II. Pont. Max. (1510 – 1513), BAV, Vat. lat. 3702

• Costanzo Felici, Historia de coniuratione Catilinae Dedication copy for Leo X Early sixteenth century